Dooobles' POS Guide
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Starting your own POS and being in the Uni
Players want to start a Player Owned Structure for many reasons; some people use a POS as a safe base in low or null sec, some people use them to house research and production facilities, some people anchor them to mine moons, some people use them to do reactions of moon materials for t2 production, and some people use them to "claim" a territory. There is a lot (and I mean a LOT) of misinformation out there about Player Owned Structures. The Dooobles-man will try to tell you the special considerations you need to take into account as a university character. I will then link you to the best resource I found for the set up of a POS. The link at the bottom of this page is by far the most useful and reliable resources I found after researching for literally weeks. There is also a link for calculating fuel costs and powergrid/CPU use on your POS.
Can my E-UNI character have a POS?
No, you have to set up the POS with an out of corp alt. You will need several skills for setting up the POS itself and you will have to set up your own corporation which also requires some basic skills. You will also need the ability to haul the POS and the modules around, which will require the ability to comfortably fly moderate to advanced industrial ships (or freighters, transports, etc.) You will also want the skill "Anchoring" to at least level 3. For this reason I recommend you perhaps hold off on a POS until you have a full second account that can train it's own skills separate from your main. If you are an industrial/production character you may want to join the uni on a non-skilled character on your account and have your main character take care of business so to speak.
Setting up my own alt corp?! Oh noes!!1!
Don't spaz, my friend. It's really not all that hard or expensive. The only skills you'll probably really need are "Corporation Management" to level 2, "Social" to level 3, and "Race Relations" if you're the politically correct type. Actually you would need Race Relations to let the races other than the founder's race join. This may not be necessary. Click on the corp tab in your neocom with the character that you want to start the corp with (when they have the skills and are in an NPC corp) and click create corp. It's very straightforward and not expensive at all.
Pro tip: Make the corp with an alt that can't be traced to your main or your main's corp in any way; consider the name of your founder-to-be (FTB), the employment history of your FTB, and the home base of your FTB. The less people know about your POS the less likely it is someone will blow a gasket and try to come after it or hire a mercenary corp to come bash it.
Types of control towers and fuels
Each race has it's own control tower, and each race has a faction control tower as well. You can use any tower you feel like, it is not restricted by your character's race. Each race has a race-specific fuel that you have to use in addition to the standard fuels. Each race's towers also have specific bonuses and differences in power grid and cpu available for anchoring modules. There are three sizes of POS for each kind of control tower. The "Large" size is simply labeled as "Race-name (or faction-name) Control Tower." The medium and small versions of the control tower are labeled as such. The small towers take 1/4th the fuel of the larger towers but are very easily destroyed, the medium towers take 1/2 the fuel of a large. You should carefully weigh the costs and benefits of the type and size of your tower before you start buying things and anchoring. Faction towers take less fuel than normal towers but are much more expensive. Long-term they are cheaper because of fuel costs, and they have a bonus to other areas as well depending on what faction it is. However, a faction tower is quite the investment and I would personally recommend against using a faction tower in low/null sec unless you are 100% certain the tower is safe. I personally would also not use a faction tower unless it was a large tower set up to withstand attack. In high-security this is less of a concern because CONCORD will come blast on any fool that shoots at your tower (unless they have war-decced your corp.) If your corp is subject to a war declaration you will have time to offline and un-anchor modules and the POS itself if you take the time to do it.
I have a corp and I decided what I want to do with it. I am ready to build a POS for make glorious benefit!!!
You may think you are ready to set up a POS, but I can almost say for sure that you should probably research it a lot more. Use this thread to find out a LOT more about POS' http://www.eveonline.com/ingameboard.asp?a=topic&threadID=817184. That forum thread actually has links to a lot of really useful information and you should read it to view the best information I found after weeks of researching. If you follow the setups in that thread you will be building the best type of POS you possibly could for your purpose. That doesn't necessarily mean you know what you need to know to actually RUN the POS, it takes quite a bit of planning, logistics, and yes, spreadsheets. I've tried to cover the very basics above, after reading the above paragraphs and the forum thread I just linked you will know what you need to know to actually set up a POS. Maintaining it and defending it are different matters, but you should make sure you are well aware of POS mechanics in case you need to defend one. Once you have chosen a setup be sure to input it into http://www.vexar.de/pos_fitter/ to calculate fuel requirements so you know what you will be needing to feed your new base. Information on the actual process of setting up a POS is widely available, there are procedures that are confusing during the construction of the POS, read up.
Additional important anchoring note
NOTE: I find a lot of threads and information saying that you need faction standings to anchor a POS in low-sec (.3 or below are the only useful low-sec POS areas.) THIS IS NOT TRUE. Faction standing is only required for a high-sec POS. This is tested and confirmed despite a LOT of information out there to the contrary. Other than that information, the above link will give you the flat out best approach to building a POS. The setups there are rock-solid. Setting up a POS in any other way would be an invitation to an attack because it would not be optimal.
I hope this satisfied your desire for the extra considerations of having a POS and being in the university. A POS can be run by one person but I really suggest a small group of friends group up to run one if you are interested. Otherwise it's just a lot of work, hauling, planning, waiting around for things to online/offline, anchor/unanchor, fill up with stuff/transfer stuff, etc. etc. If you have any questions about setting up a POS you can ask Dooobles in game, but please be sure you have researched first.