UniWiki:Manual of Style: Difference between revisions

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Abbreviations are shortened forms of words or phrases. In strict analysis, they are distinct from [[Wikipedia:Contraction (grammar)|contractions]], which use an [[Wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]] (e.g., ''won't'', see [[#Contractions|§ Contractions]]) and [[Wikipedia:Initialism|initialisms]] (including acronyms). An initialism is usually formed from some or all of the initial letters of words in a phrase. In some variations of English, an acronym is considered to be an initialism which is pronounced as a word (e.g., [[NATO]]), as distinct from the case where the initialism is said as a string of individual letters (e.g., ''US'', for [[Wikipedia:United States of America|United States]]). Herein, general statements regarding abbreviations are inclusive of acronyms, and the term ''acronym'' applies collectively to initialisms, without distinction that an acronym is said as a word.

Abbreviations are shortened forms of words or phrases. In strict analysis, they are distinct from [[Wikipedia:Contraction (grammar)|contractions]], which use an [[Wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]] (e.g., ''won't'', see [[#Contractions|§ Contractions]]) and [[Wikipedia:Initialism|initialisms]] (including acronyms). An initialism is usually formed from some or all of the initial letters of words in a phrase. In some variations of English, an acronym is considered to be an initialism which is pronounced as a word (e.g., [[Wikipedia:NATO|NATO]]), as distinct from the case where the initialism is said as a string of individual letters (e.g., ''US'', for [[Wikipedia:United States of America|United States]]). Herein, general statements regarding abbreviations are inclusive of acronyms, and the term ''acronym'' applies collectively to initialisms, without distinction that an acronym is said as a word.

=== Write out both the full version and the abbreviation at first occurrence ===

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=== Ampersand ===

In normal text and headings, the word ''and'' should be used instead of the [[Wikipedia:Ampersand|ampersand]] (&); for example {{dothis|January 1 and 2}}, not {{notthis|January 1 & 2}}. Retain an ampersand when it is a legitimate part of a proper noun, such as in ''[[Up & Down (album)|Up & Down]]'' or [[AT&T]]. Ampersands may be used with consistency and discretion in places where space is extremely limited (i.e. tables and infoboxes).

In normal text and headings, the word ''and'' should be used instead of the [[Wikipedia:Ampersand|ampersand]] (&); for example {{dothis|January 1 and 2}}, not {{notthis|January 1 & 2}}. Retain an ampersand when it is a legitimate part of a proper noun, such as in ''[[Wikipedia:Up & Down (album)|Up & Down]]'' or [[Wikipedia:AT&T|AT&T]]. Ampersands may be used with consistency and discretion in places where space is extremely limited (i.e. tables and infoboxes).

== Italics ==

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=== Number sign ===

Avoid using the {{!xt|[[octothorpe|#]]}} symbol (known as the [[Wikipedia:Number sign|number sign]], hash sign, or pound sign) when referring to numbers or rankings. Instead write "number", "No." or "Nos."; do not use the symbol {{!xt|№}}. For example:

Avoid using the {{!xt|[[Wikipedia:octothorpe|#]]}} symbol (known as the [[Wikipedia:Number sign|number sign]], hash sign, or pound sign) when referring to numbers or rankings. Instead write "number", "No." or "Nos."; do not use the symbol {{!xt|№}}. For example:

:{| style="background:transparent"

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* For a negative sign or subtraction operator, use a minus sign ({{xt|−}}, Unicode character U+2212 MINUS SIGN). Input by clicking on it in the insert box beneath the edit window or by typing <code>&minus;</code>.

* For a multiplication sign between numbers, use {{xt|×}} (Unicode character U+00D7 MULTIPLICATION SIGN), which is input by clicking on it in the edit toolbox under the edit window or by typing <code>&times;</code>. The letter {{xt|x}} should not be used to indicate multiplication, but it is used (unspaced) as the substitute for "by" in terms such as {{xt|[[4x4]]}}.

* For a multiplication sign between numbers, use {{xt|×}} (Unicode character U+00D7 MULTIPLICATION SIGN), which is input by clicking on it in the edit toolbox under the edit window or by typing <code>&times;</code>. The letter {{xt|x}} should not be used to indicate multiplication, but it is used (unspaced) as the substitute for "by" in terms such as {{xt|[[Wikipedia:4x4|4x4]]}}.

* [[Wikipedia:Exponentiation|Exponentiation]] is indicated by a superscript, {{xt|''a''''n''}} (typed as <code><nowiki>''a''''n''</nowiki></code>. [[Wikipedia:Exponential notation|Exponential notation]] can be spaced or unspaced, depending on circumstances.

* Do not use programming language notation outside computer program listings. In most programming languages, subtraction, multiplication, and exponentiation are respectively represented by the [[Wikipedia:Hyphen-minus|hyphen-minus]] <code>-</code>, the [[Wikipedia:Asterisk|asterisk]] <code>*</code>, and either the [[Wikipedia:Caret|caret]] <code>^</code> or the double asterisk <code>**</code>, and [[Wikipedia:Scientific notation|scientific notation]] is replaced by [[Wikipedia:E notation|E notation]].

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==== Official names ====

* Official names (of companies, organizations, or places) should not be altered. ({{xt|[[St. Thomas' Hospital]]}} should therefore ''not'' be rendered as {{!xt|St. Thomas's Hospital}}, even for consistency.)

* Official names (of companies, organizations, or places) should not be altered. ({{xt|[[Wikipedia:St. Thomas' Hospital|St. Thomas' Hospital]]}} should therefore ''not'' be rendered as {{!xt|St. Thomas's Hospital}}, even for consistency.)

=== Pronouns ===

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Information should be accessible to all. Do not use color ''alone'' to mark differences in text: they may be invisible to people with [[Wikipedia:Color blindness|color blindness]]. Also, black-and-white printouts, older computer displays with fewer colors, and monochrome displays (older [[Wikipedia:Personal digital assistant|PDAs]] and cell phones) cannot show such distinctions.

Choose colors that can be distinguished by the readers with the commonest form of colorblindness ([[Wikipedia:Color blindness#Red-green color blindness|red–green]]), such as [[maroon (color)|maroon]] and [[teal|teal]]; and ''additionally'' mark the differences with change of font or some other means ([[maroon (color)|maroon and alternative font face]], [[teal|teal]]). Avoid low contrast between text and background colors. Viewing the page with [http://colorfilter.wickline.org/ Wickline] can help with the choice of colors. See also [[Wikipedia:Color coding|color coding]].

Choose colors that can be distinguished by the readers with the commonest form of colorblindness ([[Wikipedia:Color blindness#Red-green color blindness|red–green]]), such as [[Wikipedia:maroon (color)|maroon]] and [[Wikipedia:teal|teal]]; and ''additionally'' mark the differences with change of font or some other means ([[Wikipedia:maroon (color)|maroon and alternative font face]], [[Wikipedia:teal|teal]]). Avoid low contrast between text and background colors. Viewing the page with [http://colorfilter.wickline.org/ Wickline] can help with the choice of colors. See also [[Wikipedia:Color coding|color coding]].

In addition to vision accessibility problems, usage of only color to encode attributes in tables (for example, Gold, Silver, or Bronze achievement levels) instead of a separate sortable column, disables the use of the powerful Wikitable sortability feature on that attribute for all readers. Even for readers with unimpaired color vision, excessive background shading of table entries impedes readability and recognition of Wikilinks. Background color should be used only as a ''supplementary'' visual cue, and should be subtle (consider using lighter, less-dominant [[Wikipedia:Pastel (color)|pastel]] hues) rather than a glaring spotlight.

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 {{main|UniWiki:Manual of Style/Abbreviations}}
-Abbreviations are shortened forms of words or phrases. In strict analysis, they are distinct from [[Wikipedia:Contraction (grammar)|contractions]], which use an [[Wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]] (e.g., ''won't'', see [[#Contractions|§ Contractions]]) and [[Wikipedia:Initialism|initialisms]] (including acronyms). An initialism is usually formed from some or all of the initial letters of words in a phrase. In some variations of English, an acronym is considered to be an initialism which is pronounced as a word (e.g., [[NATO]]), as distinct from the case where the initialism is said as a string of individual letters (e.g., ''US'', for [[Wikipedia:United States of America|United States]]). Herein, general statements regarding abbreviations are inclusive of acronyms, and the term ''acronym'' applies collectively to initialisms, without distinction that an acronym is said as a word.
+Abbreviations are shortened forms of words or phrases. In strict analysis, they are distinct from [[Wikipedia:Contraction (grammar)|contractions]], which use an [[Wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]] (e.g., ''won't'', see [[#Contractions|§ Contractions]]) and [[Wikipedia:Initialism|initialisms]] (including acronyms). An initialism is usually formed from some or all of the initial letters of words in a phrase. In some variations of English, an acronym is considered to be an initialism which is pronounced as a word (e.g., [[Wikipedia:NATO|NATO]]), as distinct from the case where the initialism is said as a string of individual letters (e.g., ''US'', for [[Wikipedia:United States of America|United States]]). Herein, general statements regarding abbreviations are inclusive of acronyms, and the term ''acronym'' applies collectively to initialisms, without distinction that an acronym is said as a word.
 === Write out both the full version and the abbreviation at first occurrence ===
@@ Line 210: / Line 210: @@
 === Ampersand ===
-In normal text and headings, the word ''and'' should be used instead of the [[Wikipedia:Ampersand|ampersand]] (&); for example {{dothis|January 1&nbsp;and&nbsp;2}}, not {{notthis|January 1&nbsp;&&nbsp;2}}. Retain an ampersand when it is a legitimate part of a proper noun, such as in ''[[Up & Down (album)|Up&nbsp;& Down]]'' or [[AT&T]]. Ampersands may be used with consistency and discretion in places where space is extremely limited (i.e. tables and infoboxes).
+In normal text and headings, the word ''and'' should be used instead of the [[Wikipedia:Ampersand|ampersand]] (&); for example {{dothis|January 1&nbsp;and&nbsp;2}}, not {{notthis|January 1&nbsp;&&nbsp;2}}. Retain an ampersand when it is a legitimate part of a proper noun, such as in ''[[Wikipedia:Up & Down (album)|Up&nbsp;& Down]]'' or [[Wikipedia:AT&T|AT&T]]. Ampersands may be used with consistency and discretion in places where space is extremely limited (i.e. tables and infoboxes).
 == Italics ==
@@ Line 888: / Line 888: @@
 === Number sign ===
-Avoid using the {{!xt|[[octothorpe|#]]}} symbol (known as the [[Wikipedia:Number sign|number sign]], hash sign, or pound sign) when referring to numbers or rankings. Instead write "number", "No." or "Nos."; do not use the symbol {{!xt|№}}. For example:
+Avoid using the {{!xt|[[Wikipedia:octothorpe|#]]}} symbol (known as the [[Wikipedia:Number sign|number sign]], hash sign, or pound sign) when referring to numbers or rankings. Instead write "number", "No." or "Nos."; do not use the symbol {{!xt|№}}. For example:
 :{| style="background:transparent"
@@ Line 1,035: / Line 1,035: @@
 * For a negative sign or subtraction operator, use a minus sign ({{xt|−}}, Unicode character U+2212 <small>MINUS SIGN</small>). Input by clicking on it in the insert box beneath the edit window or by typing <code>&amp;minus;</code>.
-* For a multiplication sign between numbers, use {{xt|×}} (Unicode character U+00D7 <small>MULTIPLICATION SIGN</small>), which is input by clicking on it in the edit toolbox under the edit window or by typing <code>&amp;times;</code>. The letter {{xt|x}} should not be used to indicate multiplication, but it is used (unspaced) as the substitute for "by" in terms such as {{xt|[[4x4]]}}.
+* For a multiplication sign between numbers, use {{xt|×}} (Unicode character U+00D7 <small>MULTIPLICATION SIGN</small>), which is input by clicking on it in the edit toolbox under the edit window or by typing <code>&amp;times;</code>. The letter {{xt|x}} should not be used to indicate multiplication, but it is used (unspaced) as the substitute for "by" in terms such as {{xt|[[Wikipedia:4x4|4x4]]}}.
 * [[Wikipedia:Exponentiation|Exponentiation]] is indicated by a superscript, {{xt|''a''<sup>''n''</sup>}} (typed as <code><nowiki>''a''<sup>''n''</sup></nowiki></code>. [[Wikipedia:Exponential notation|Exponential notation]] can be spaced or unspaced, depending on circumstances.
 * Do not use programming language notation outside computer program listings. In most programming languages, subtraction, multiplication, and exponentiation are respectively represented by the [[Wikipedia:Hyphen-minus|hyphen-minus]] <code>-</code>, the [[Wikipedia:Asterisk|asterisk]] <code>*</code>, and either the [[Wikipedia:Caret|caret]] <code>^</code> or the double asterisk <code>**</code>, and [[Wikipedia:Scientific notation|scientific notation]] is replaced by [[Wikipedia:E notation|E notation]].
@@ Line 1,070: / Line 1,070: @@
 ==== Official names ====
-* Official names (of companies, organizations, or places) should not be altered. ({{xt|[[St. Thomas' Hospital]]}} should therefore ''not'' be rendered as {{!xt|St. Thomas's Hospital}}, even for consistency.)
+* Official names (of companies, organizations, or places) should not be altered. ({{xt|[[Wikipedia:St. Thomas' Hospital|St. Thomas' Hospital]]}} should therefore ''not'' be rendered as {{!xt|St. Thomas's Hospital}}, even for consistency.)
 === Pronouns ===
@@ Line 1,288: / Line 1,288: @@
 Information should be accessible to all. Do not use color ''alone'' to mark differences in text: they may be invisible to people with [[Wikipedia:Color blindness|color blindness]]. Also, black-and-white printouts, older computer displays with fewer colors, and monochrome displays (older [[Wikipedia:Personal digital assistant|PDAs]] and cell phones) cannot show such distinctions.
-Choose colors that can be distinguished by the readers with the commonest form of colorblindness ([[Wikipedia:Color blindness#Red-green color blindness|red–green]]), such as [[maroon (color)|<span style="background: white; color: maroon">maroon</span>]] and [[teal|<span style="background: white; color: teal">teal</span>]]; and ''additionally'' mark the differences with change of font or some other means ([[maroon (color)|<span style="background: white; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: maroon; font face: Times New Roman">maroon and alternative font face</span>]], [[teal|<span style="background: white; color: teal">teal</span>]]). Avoid low contrast between text and background colors. Viewing the page with [http://colorfilter.wickline.org/ Wickline] can help with the choice of colors. See also [[Wikipedia:Color coding|color coding]].
+Choose colors that can be distinguished by the readers with the commonest form of colorblindness ([[Wikipedia:Color blindness#Red-green color blindness|red–green]]), such as [[Wikipedia:maroon (color)|<span style="background: white; color: maroon">maroon</span>]] and [[Wikipedia:teal|<span style="background: white; color: teal">teal</span>]]; and ''additionally'' mark the differences with change of font or some other means ([[Wikipedia:maroon (color)|<span style="background: white; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: maroon; font face: Times New Roman">maroon and alternative font face</span>]], [[Wikipedia:teal|<span style="background: white; color: teal">teal</span>]]). Avoid low contrast between text and background colors. Viewing the page with [http://colorfilter.wickline.org/ Wickline] can help with the choice of colors. See also [[Wikipedia:Color coding|color coding]].
 In addition to vision accessibility problems, usage of only color to encode attributes in tables (for example, Gold, Silver, or Bronze achievement levels) instead of a separate sortable column, disables the use of the powerful Wikitable sortability feature on that attribute for all readers. Even for readers with unimpaired color vision, excessive background shading of table entries impedes readability and recognition of Wikilinks. Background color should be used only as a ''supplementary'' visual cue, and should be subtle (consider using lighter, less-dominant [[Wikipedia:Pastel (color)|pastel]] hues) rather than a glaring spotlight.