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== Items that require initial lower case == | == Items that require initial lower case == | ||
In contexts where the case of symbols is significant, like those related to [[Wikipedia:Programming language|programming languages]], [[Wikipedia:Mathematical notation|mathematical notation]] (for example, the mathematical constant [[Wikipedia:e (mathematical constant)|''e'']] is not equivalent to ''E''), or the names of [[Wikipedia:SI units|units of physical quantities]] or their symbols, the correct case should always be retained, even in situations where normal rules would require capitalization, such as at the beginning of a sentence. Try to avoid putting such lowercase symbols at the start of a sentence within running text. | In contexts where the case of symbols is significant, like those related to [[Wikipedia:Programming language|programming languages]], [[Wikipedia:Mathematical notation|mathematical notation]] (for example, the mathematical constant [[Wikipedia:e (mathematical constant)|''e'']] is not equivalent to ''E''), or the names of [[Wikipedia:SI units|units of physical quantities]] or their symbols, the correct case should always be retained, even in situations where normal rules would require capitalization, such as at the beginning of a sentence. Try to avoid putting such lowercase symbols at the start of a sentence within running text. | ||
Some individuals do not want their personal names capitalized. In such cases, Wikipedia articles may use lower case variants of personal names if they have regular and established use (for example, [[Wikipedia:k.d. lang|k.d. lang]]). When such a name is the first word in a sentence, the rule for [[#Initial letters in sentences and list items|initial letters in sentences and list items]] should take precedence, and the first letter of the personal name should be capitalized regardless of personal preference. | Some individuals do not want their personal names capitalized. In such cases, Wikipedia articles may use lower case variants of personal names if they have regular and established use (for example, [[Wikipedia:k.d. lang|k.d. lang]]). When such a name is the first word in a sentence, the rule for [[#Initial letters in sentences and list items|initial letters in sentences and list items]] should take precedence, and the first letter of the personal name should be capitalized regardless of personal preference. | ||
==Composition titles== | ==Composition titles== | ||
For [[title case]], the words that are not capitalized (unless they are the first or last word of the title) are: | For [[Wikipedia:Title case|title case]], the words that are not capitalized (unless they are the first or last word of the title) are: | ||
* [[Article (grammar)|Articles]] (''a'', ''an'', ''the'') | * [[Wikipedia:Article (grammar)|Articles]] (''a'', ''an'', ''the'') | ||
* Short [[grammatical conjunction#Coordinating conjunctions|coordinating conjunctions]] (''and'', ''but'', ''or'', | * Short [[Wikipedia:grammatical conjunction#Coordinating conjunctions|coordinating conjunctions]] (''and'', ''but'', ''or'', ''nor''; also ''for'', ''yet'', ''so'' when used as conjunctions) | ||
* [[Preposition and postposition|Prepositions]] containing four letters or fewer (''as'', ''in'', ''of'', ''on'', ''to'', ''for'', ''from'', ''like'', ''over'', ''with'', etc.) but see below for instances where these words are not used as prepositions | * [[Wikipedia:Preposition and postposition|Prepositions]] containing four letters or fewer (''as'', ''in'', ''of'', ''on'', ''to'', ''for'', ''from'', ''like'', ''over'', ''with'', etc.) but see below for instances where these words are not used as prepositions | ||
* The word ''to'' in [[ | * The word ''to'' in [[Wikipedia:Infinitive|infinitives]]. | ||
The following words ''should'' be capitalized in English-language titles: | The following words ''should'' be capitalized in English-language titles: | ||
* The first and last word of the title | * The first and last word of the title | ||
* Every [[adjective]], [[adverb]], [[noun]], [[pronoun]] and [[Conjunction (grammar)#Subordinating conjunctions|subordinating conjunction]] (''Me'', ''It'', ''His'', ''If'', etc.) | * Every [[Wikipedia:Adjective|adjective]], [[Wikipedia:Adverb|adverb]], [[Wikipedia:Noun|noun]], [[Wikipedia:Pronoun|pronoun]] and [[Wikipedia:Conjunction (grammar)#Subordinating conjunctions|subordinating conjunction]] (''Me'', ''It'', ''His'', ''If'', etc.) | ||
* Every [[verb]], including forms of ''to be'' (''Be'', ''Am'', ''Is'', ''Are'', ''Was'', ''Were'', ''Been'') | * Every [[Wikipedia:Verb|verb]], including forms of ''to be'' (''Be'', ''Am'', ''Is'', ''Are'', ''Was'', ''Were'', ''Been'') | ||
* Prepositions that contain five letters or more (''During'', ''Through'', ''About'', ''Until'', ''Below'', etc.) | * Prepositions that contain five letters or more (''During'', ''Through'', ''About'', ''Until'', ''Below'', etc.) | ||
* Words that have the same form as prepositions, but are not being used specifically as prepositions | * Words that have the same form as prepositions, but are not being used specifically as prepositions | ||
** Particles of [[phrasal | ** Particles of [[Wikipedia:Phrasal verb|phrasal verbs]] (e.g. "Give Up the Ghost", "Puttin' On the Ritz") | ||
** The first word in a [[compound preposition]] (e.g. "Time Out of Mind") | ** The first word in a [[Wikipedia:Compound preposition|compound preposition]] (e.g. "Time Out of Mind") | ||
In hyphenated terms, capitalize each part according to the applicable rule (e.g. {{xt|''The Out-of-Towners''}}), unless reliable sources consistently do otherwise for the work in question (e.g. {{xt|''The History of Middle-earth''}}). | In hyphenated terms, capitalize each part according to the applicable rule (e.g. {{xt|''The Out-of-Towners''}}), unless reliable sources consistently do otherwise for the work in question (e.g. {{xt|''The History of Middle-earth''}}). | ||
For titles with subtitles or parenthetical phrases, capitalize as if they were separate titles (e.g. {{xt|"(Don't Fear) The Reaper"}}). | For titles with subtitles or parenthetical phrases, capitalize as if they were separate titles (e.g. {{xt|"(Don't Fear) The Reaper"}}). | ||
If a work is known by its first line of text and lacks a separate title, then the first line, rendered in [[sentence case]], should be used as its title. | If a work is known by its first line of text and lacks a separate title, then the first line, rendered in [[Wikipedia:Sentence case|sentence case]], should be used as its title. | ||
* An example of this would be ''[[Remember not, Lord, our offences]]'', a musical setting of excerpted passage from a liturgical text: | * An example of this would be ''[[Wikipedia:Remember not, Lord, our offences|Remember not, Lord, our offences]]'', a musical setting of excerpted passage from a liturgical text: | ||
:{|style="background:transparent" | :{|style="background:transparent" | ||
|-valign=top | |-valign=top | ||
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|''Correct'': || ||{{xt|Remember not, Lord, our offences}} | |''Correct'': || ||{{xt|Remember not, Lord, our offences}} | ||
|} | |} | ||
==Notes== | ==Notes== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||