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# [[#Standard appendices and footers|Bottom matter]] | # [[#Standard appendices and footers|Bottom matter]] | ||
## [[#Navigation templates|Navigation templates]] (footer navboxes) | ## [[#Navigation templates|Navigation templates]] (footer navboxes) | ||
## [[Help:Category#Default sort key|Defaultsort]] | ## [[Wikipedia:Help:Category#Default sort key|Defaultsort]] | ||
## [[Wikipedia:Categorization|Categories]]<ref>While categories are entered on the editing page ahead of stub templates, they appear on the visual page in a separate box after the stub templates. One of the reasons this happens is that every stub template generates a stub category, and those stub categories appear after the "main" categories.</ref> | ## [[Wikipedia:Categorization|Categories]]<ref>While categories are entered on the editing page ahead of stub templates, they appear on the visual page in a separate box after the stub templates. One of the reasons this happens is that every stub template generates a stub category, and those stub categories appear after the "main" categories.</ref> | ||
=Body sections= | =Body sections= | ||
''Further information: {{section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style|Article titles, heading, and sections}}'' | :''Further information: {{section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style|Article titles, heading, and sections}}'' | ||
Articles longer than a stub are generally divided into sections, and sections over a certain length are generally divided into paragraphs; these divisions enhance the readability of the article. Articles should follow good organizational and writing principles regarding sections and paragraphs. | Articles longer than a stub are generally divided into sections, and sections over a certain length are generally divided into paragraphs; these divisions enhance the readability of the article. Articles should follow good organizational and writing principles regarding sections and paragraphs. | ||
=== Headings and sections === | === Headings and sections === | ||
''Further information: {{section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style|Section headings}}'' | :''Further information: {{section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style|Section headings}}'' | ||
Headings introduce sections and subsections, clarify articles by breaking up text, organize content, and populate the [[Wikipedia:WP:TOC|table of contents]]. Very short or very long sections and subsections in an article look cluttered and inhibit the flow of the prose. Short paragraphs and single sentences generally do not warrant their own subheading. | Headings introduce sections and subsections, clarify articles by breaking up text, organize content, and populate the [[Wikipedia:WP:TOC|table of contents]]. Very short or very long sections and subsections in an article look cluttered and inhibit the flow of the prose. Short paragraphs and single sentences generally do not warrant their own subheading. | ||
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===Paragraphs=== | ===Paragraphs=== | ||
''See also: [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Writing better articles#Paragraphs|Wikipedia:Paragraphs]]'' | :''See also: [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Writing better articles#Paragraphs|Wikipedia:Paragraphs]]'' | ||
Sections usually consist of paragraphs of running [[Wikipedia:Prose|prose]]. Between paragraphs—as between sections—there should be a ''single'' blank line and the first line of each paragraph is ''not'' indented. [[Wikipedia:Bullet point#Bullet points|Bullet points]] should be minimized in the body and lead of the article, if they are used at all; however, a bulleted list may be useful to break up what would otherwise be a large, grey mass of text, particularly if the topic requires significant effort on the part of readers. However, bulleted lists are typical in the reference and further-reading sections towards the end of the article. Bullet points are usually ''not'' separated by blank lines, as that causes an accessibility issue (''See: [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Lists|Lists]]''.) | Sections usually consist of paragraphs of running [[Wikipedia:Prose|prose]]. Between paragraphs—as between sections—there should be a ''single'' blank line and the first line of each paragraph is ''not'' indented. [[Wikipedia:Bullet point#Bullet points|Bullet points]] should be minimized in the body and lead of the article, if they are used at all; however, a bulleted list may be useful to break up what would otherwise be a large, grey mass of text, particularly if the topic requires significant effort on the part of readers. However, bulleted lists are typical in the reference and further-reading sections towards the end of the article. Bullet points are usually ''not'' separated by blank lines, as that causes an accessibility issue (''See: [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Accessibility#Lists|Lists]]''.) | ||
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=== Headings === | === Headings === | ||
When appendix sections are used, they should appear at the bottom of an article, with <code>==level 2 headings==</code>, | When appendix sections are used, they should appear at the bottom of an article, with <code>==level 2 headings==</code>, followed by the various footers. When it is useful to sub-divide these sections (for example, to separate a list of magazine articles from a list of books), this should be done using level 3 headings (===Books===) instead of [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Lists#Description (definition, association) lists|definition list headings]] (;Books), as explained in the [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Accessibility|accessibility guidelines]]. | ||
==="See also" section=== | ==="See also" section=== | ||
:''For "other uses" templates, see [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Hatnote|Wikipedia:Hatnote]]'' | |||
{{see also|UniWiki:Manual of Style/Embedded lists#See also lists}} | |||
{{see also| | |||
'''Contents:''' A bulleted list, preferably alphabetized, of [[ | '''Contents:''' A bulleted list, preferably alphabetized, of [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Linking|internal links]] to related UniWiki articles. The links in the "See also" section might be only indirectly related to the topic of the article because one purpose of "See also" links is to enable readers to explore tangentially related topics. | ||
Editors should provide a brief annotation when a link's relevance is not immediately apparent, when the meaning of the term may not be generally known, or when the term is ambiguous. For example: | Editors should provide a brief annotation when a link's relevance is not immediately apparent, when the meaning of the term may not be generally known, or when the term is ambiguous. For example: | ||
:* [[Everyman|Related person]] – made a similar achievement on April 4, 2005 | :* [[Wikipedia:Everyman|Related person]] – made a similar achievement on April 4, 2005 | ||
:* [[Ischemia]] – restriction in blood supply | :* [[Wikipedia:Ischemia|Ischemia]] – restriction in blood supply | ||
Whether a link belongs in the "See also" section is ultimately a matter of editorial judgment and common sense. The links in the "See also" section should be relevant, should reflect the links that would be present in a comprehensive article on the topic, and should be limited to a reasonable number. It is also not mandatory, as many high-quality and comprehensive articles do not have a "See also" section. | |||
''' | The "See also" section should '''not''' link to [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Red link|pages that do not exist (red links)]] nor to [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Disambiguation|disambiguation pages]] (unless used for [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Disambiguation pages#"See also" section|further disambiguation]] in a disambiguation page). As a general rule, the "See also" section should '''not''' repeat links that appear in the article's body or its [[Wikipedia:WP:NAVBOX|navigation boxes]]. | ||
'''Title:''' The most common title for this section is "See also". | '''Title:''' The most common title for this section is "See also". | ||
===Notes and references | ===Notes and references=== | ||
{{hatnote|For how to generate and format these sections, see [[Wikipedia:Help:Footnotes|Wikipedia:Footnotes]] and [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Citing sources|Wikipedia:Citing sources]], particularly [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Citing sources#How to create the list of citations|"How to create the list of citations"]].}} | |||
{{hatnote|For how to generate and format these sections, see [[Help:Footnotes]] and [[Wikipedia:Citing sources]], particularly [[Wikipedia:Citing sources#How to create the list of citations|"How to create the list of citations"]].}} | <br> | ||
<big>'''The UniWiki does not ''require'' citation, though editors may choose to include it. All information contained on the UniWiki is assumed to be correct and verifiable, and should simply be edited if found to be otherwise.'''</big> | |||
<br> | |||
'''Contents:''' This section, or series of sections, may contain any or all of the following: | '''Contents:''' This section, or series of sections, may contain any or all of the following: | ||
# [[WP:EXPLNOTE|Explanatory footnotes]] that give information which is too detailed or awkward to be in the body of the article, | # [[Wikipedia:WP:EXPLNOTE|Explanatory footnotes]] that give information which is too detailed or awkward to be in the body of the article, | ||
# [[WP:INCITE|Citation footnotes]] (either short citations or full citations) that connect specific material in the article with specific sources, | # [[Wikipedia:WP:INCITE|Citation footnotes]] (either short citations or full citations) that connect specific material in the article with specific sources, | ||
# Full citations to sources, if [[WP:CITESHORT|short citations]] are used in the footnotes | # Full citations to sources, if [[Wikipedia:WP:CITESHORT|short citations]] are used in the footnotes | ||
# [[WP:CITE#General references|General references]] (full bibliographic citations to sources that were consulted in writing the article but that are not explicitly connected to any specific material in the article) | # [[Wikipedia:WP:CITE#General references|General references]] (full bibliographic citations to sources that were consulted in writing the article but that are not explicitly connected to any specific material in the article) | ||
[[WP:CITEVAR|Editors may use any citation method they choose]]. | [[Wikipedia:WP:CITEVAR|Editors may use any citation method they choose]], though the UniWiki does not require citation. All information contained on the UniWiki is assumed to be correct and verifiable, and should simply be edited if found to be otherwise. | ||
If there are both citation footnotes and explanatory footnotes, then they may be combined in a single section, or separated | If there are both citation footnotes and explanatory footnotes, then they may be combined in a single section, or separated. General references and other full citations may similarly be either combined or separated (e.g. "References" and "General references"). There may therefore be one, two, three or four sections in all. | ||
It is most common for only citation footnotes to be used, and therefore it is most common for only one section to be needed. Usually, if the sections are separated, then explanatory footnotes are listed first, short citations or other footnoted citations are next, and any full citations or general references are listed last. | It is most common for only citation footnotes to be used, and therefore it is most common for only one section to be needed. Usually, if the sections are separated, then explanatory footnotes are listed first, short citations or other footnoted citations are next, and any full citations or general references are listed last. | ||
'''Title:''' Editors may use any section title that they choose.<ref>One reason this guide does not standardize section headings for citations and explanatory notes is that | '''Title:''' Editors may use any section title that they choose.<ref>One reason this guide does not standardize section headings for citations and explanatory notes is that the UniWiki draws editors from many disciplines (English, information technology, education, etc.), each with its own note and reference section naming convention (or conventions).</ref> The most frequent choice is "References"; other articles use "Notes", "Footnotes", or "Works cited" (in diminishing order or popularity) for this material. | ||
Several alternate titles ("Sources", "Citations", "Bibliography") may also be used, although | Several alternate titles ("Sources", "Citations", "Bibliography") may also be used, although these terms carry a level of nuance that may sometimes render them inappropriate. | ||
If multiple sections are wanted, then some possibilities include: | If multiple sections are wanted, then some possibilities include: | ||
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* For a list of full citations or general references: "References" or "Works cited" | * For a list of full citations or general references: "References" or "Works cited" | ||
With the exception of "Bibliography", the heading should be plural even if it lists only a single item. | With the exception of "Bibliography", the heading should be plural even if it lists only a single item. | ||
===Further reading=== | ===Further reading=== | ||
<!-- Please note that "Bibliography" is an alternate title for the works section and is also used as a title in some articles' notes and references sections. Accordingly, it is not suggested as a title here. --> | <!-- Please note that "Bibliography" is an alternate title for the works section and is also used as a title in some articles' notes and references sections. Accordingly, it is not suggested as a title here. --> | ||
'''Contents:''' An optional bulleted list, usually alphabetized, of a reasonable number of publications that would help interested readers learn more about the article subject. Editors may include brief annotations. Publications listed in Further reading are cited in the same [[WP:CITE#HOW|citation style]] used by the rest of the article. | '''Contents:''' An optional bulleted list, usually alphabetized, of a reasonable number of publications that would help interested readers learn more about the article subject. Editors may include brief annotations. Publications listed in Further reading are cited in the same [[Wikipedia:WP:CITE#HOW|citation style]] used by the rest of the article. The Further reading section should not duplicate the content of the External links section, and should normally not duplicate the content of the References section, unless the References section is too long for a reader to use as part of a general reading list. This section is not intended as a repository for [[Wikipedia:WP:General references|general references]] that were used to create the article content. | ||
===External links=== | ===External links=== | ||
:''See also: [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:External links|Wikipedia:External links]]'' | |||
'' | |||
'''Contents:''' A bulleted list of recommended relevant websites, each accompanied by a short description. These hyperlinks should not appear in the article's body text, nor should links used as references normally be duplicated in this section. "External links" should be plural, even if it lists only a single item. This section may be replaced by a [[#Further reading|"Further reading"]] section. | |||
===Navigation templates=== | ===Navigation templates=== | ||
:''See also: [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Categories, lists, and navigation templates#Navigation templates|Wikipedia:Navigation templates]]'' | |||
'''Contents:''' [[Wikipedia:Navigation templates|Navigation templates]] and footer navboxes, such as | '''Contents:''' [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Navigation templates|Navigation templates]] and footer navboxes, such as [[Wikipedia:WikiProject Succession Box Standardization#Overview|succession boxes]] and geography boxes. | ||
=Formatting= | |||
===Images=== | ===Images=== | ||
{{main|UniWiki:Manual of Style/Images}} | |||
{{main | |||
Images should ideally be spread evenly within the article, and relevant to the sections they are located in. All images should also have an explanatory [[ | Images should ideally be spread evenly within the article, and relevant to the sections they are located in. All images should also have an explanatory [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Captions|caption]]. An image that would otherwise overwhelm the available text space on a [[Wikipedia:Display resolution|800×600 window]] should be shrunk or formatted as a [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Picture tutorial#Panoramas|panorama]]. It is a good idea to try to maintain visual coherence by aligning the sizes of images and templates on a given page. | ||
When placing images, be careful not to stack too many of them within the lead, or within a single section; | When placing images, be careful not to stack too many of them within the lead, or within a single section; | ||
if the images in a section spill over into the next section at 1024×768 screen resolution, that may mean that the section is too short or there are too many images in that section. If an article has many images—so many, in fact, that they lengthen the page beyond the length of the text itself—you can use a [[Wikipedia:Picture tutorial#Galleries|gallery]] | if the images in a section spill over into the next section at 1024×768 screen resolution, that may mean that the section is too short or there are too many images in that section. If an article has many images—so many, in fact, that they lengthen the page beyond the length of the text itself—you can use a [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Picture tutorial#Galleries|gallery]]. Please see [[Wikipedia:WP:IG|Wikipedia:Image use policy]] for further information on the use of galleries. | ||
As a general rule, images should not be set to a larger fixed size than the 220px default. If an exception to the general rule is warranted, forcing an image size to be either larger or smaller than the 220px default is done by placing a parameter in the image coding in the form <code>|XXXpx</code>. Lead images should usually be no wider than "300px" ("[[Wikipedia:Picture tutorial#upright|upright]]=1.35" defaults to that size | As a general rule, images should not be set to a larger fixed size than the 220px default. If an exception to the general rule is warranted, forcing an image size to be either larger or smaller than the 220px default is done by placing a parameter in the image coding in the form <code>|XXXpx</code>. Lead images should usually be no wider than "300px" ("[[Wikipedia:Picture tutorial#upright|upright]]=1.35" defaults to that size). Larger images should generally be a maximum of 500 pixels tall and 400 pixels wide, so that they can comfortably be displayed on the smallest displays in common use. | ||
Avoid referring to images as being on the left or right. Image placement is different for viewers of the mobile version of Wikipedia, and is meaningless to people having pages read to them by assistive software. Instead, use captions to identify images. | Avoid referring to images as being on the left or right. Image placement is different for viewers of the mobile version of Wikipedia, and is meaningless to people having pages read to them by assistive software. Instead, use captions to identify images. | ||
=== | ===Horizontal rule=== | ||
Horizontal rules—a series of hyphens (<code>----</code>) resulting in a straight line—are [[Wikipedia:Deprecation|deprecated]]; that is, they are no longer used in articles. Rules were once employed to separate multiple meanings of a single article's name, but this task is now accomplished through [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:disambiguation page|disambiguation pages]]. | |||
Horizontal rules—a series of hyphens (<code>----</code>) resulting in a straight line—are [[ | |||
Rules can be used to provide separation inside certain templates | Rules can be used to provide separation inside certain templates, within discussions, or when needed in some other formats. | ||
==See also== | ==See also== | ||
* [[WP:EIW#Layout|Editors' Index]] | * [[Wikipedia:WP:EIW#Layout|Editors' Index]] | ||
===Specialized layout=== | ===Specialized layout=== | ||
* [[: | * [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists|Wikipedia:Stand-alone lists]] | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Talk page layout|Wikipedia:Talk page layout]] | |||
* [[Wikipedia:Talk page layout]] | |||
===Other | ===Other helpful pages=== | ||
* [[Help:Editing]] | * [[Wikipedia:Help:Editing|Wikipedia:Editing]] | ||
* [[Help: | * [[Wikipedia:Help:Section|Wikipedia:Section]] | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Article titles|Wikipedia:Article titles]] | |||
* [[Wikipedia:Article titles]] | * [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Disinfoboxes|Wikipedia:Disinfoboxes]] (essay) | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Disinfoboxes]] (essay) | * [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines|Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines]] – Shows how to use headings on talk pages | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Talk page guidelines]] – Shows how to use headings on talk pages | |||
==Footnotes== | ==Footnotes== | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||