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| {{UMoS guideline}} | | {{UMoS guideline}} |
| This guideline covers the use of [[Wikipedia:Abbreviation|abbreviations]], including initialisms, [[Wikipedia:Acronym|acronyms]], [[Wikipedia:Contraction (grammar)|contractions]] and [[Wikipedia:Shortening (grammar)|shortenings]], in the UniWiki]. An initialism is usually formed from some or all of the initial letters of words in a phrase. In some variations of English, an acronym is considered to be an initialism which is pronounced as a word (e.g. [[Wikipedia:NATO|NATO]]), as distinct from the case where the initialism is said as a string of individual letters (e.g. "UN" for the [[Wikipedia:United Nations|United Nations]]). Herein, the term ''acronym'' applies collectively to initialisms, without distinction that an acronym is said as a word. | | This guideline covers the use of [[Wikipedia:Abbreviation|abbreviations]], including initialisms, [[Wikipedia:Acronym|acronyms]], [[Wikipedia:Contraction (grammar)|contractions]] and [[Wikipedia:Shortening (grammar)|shortenings]], in the UniWiki. An initialism is usually formed from some or all of the initial letters of words in a phrase. In some variations of English, an acronym is considered to be an initialism which is pronounced as a word (e.g. [[Wikipedia:NATO|NATO]]), as distinct from the case where the initialism is said as a string of individual letters (e.g. "UN" for the [[Wikipedia:United Nations|United Nations]]). Herein, the term ''acronym'' applies collectively to initialisms, without distinction that an acronym is said as a word. |
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| Maintaining a consistent abbreviation style will allow the UniWiki to be read, written, edited, and navigated more easily by readers and editors alike. The style should always be consistent within a page. If a guideline conflicts with the correct usage of a [[Wikipedia:Proper name|proper name]], ignore it. The abbreviation style used in quotations from written sources should always be written ''exactly'' as in the original source, unless it is a UniWiki-made translation. | | Maintaining a consistent abbreviation style will allow the UniWiki to be read, written, edited, and navigated more easily by readers and editors alike. The style should always be consistent within a page. If a guideline conflicts with the correct usage of a [[Wikipedia:Proper name|proper name]], ignore it. The abbreviation style used in quotations from written sources should always be written ''exactly'' as in the original source, unless it is a UniWiki-made translation. |
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| == Use sourceable abbreviations == | | == Use sourceable abbreviations == |
| {{hatnote|For shortening long titles of works, see {{section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style/Titles|Abbreviation of long titles}}}} | | {{hatnote|For shortening long titles of works, see {{section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style/Titles|Abbreviation of long titles}}}} |
| Avoid making up new abbreviations, especially acronyms. For example, "{{xtn|International Feline Federation}}" is good as a {{em|translation}} of {{xt|Fédération Internationale Féline}}, but neither the anglicization nor the reduction {{!xt|IFF}} is used by the organization; use the original name and its official abbreviation, {{xt|FIFe}}. | | Avoid making up new abbreviations, especially acronyms. For example, "{{xt|International Feline Federation}}" is good as a ''translation'' of {{xt|Fédération Internationale Féline}}, but neither the anglicization nor the reduction {{!xt|IFF}} is used by the organization; use the original name and its official abbreviation, {{xt|FIFe}}. |
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| If it is necessary to abbreviate in "small spaces" ([[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infoboxes]], [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Navigation templates|navboxes]] and [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Tables|tables]]), use widely recognized abbreviations. As an example, for {{xt|New Zealand gross national product}}, use {{xt|NZ}} and {{xt|GNP}}, with a link if the term has not already been written out: {{xt|NZ [[Wikipedia:Measures of national income and output|GNP]]}}; do not use the made-up initialism {{!xt|NZGNP}}). | | If it is necessary to abbreviate in "small spaces" ([[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infoboxes]], [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Navigation templates|navboxes]] and [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Tables|tables]]), use widely recognized abbreviations. As an example, for {{xt|New Zealand gross national product}}, use {{xt|NZ}} and {{xt|GNP}}, with a link if the term has not already been written out: {{xt|NZ [[Wikipedia:Measures of national income and output|GNP]]}}; do not use the made-up initialism {{!xt|NZGNP}}). |
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| Do not use {{!xt|&c.}} in the place of {{xt|etc.}} | | Do not use {{!xt|&c.}} in the place of {{xt|etc.}} |
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| == Abbreviations widely used in Wikipedia ==
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| Wikipedia has found it both practical and efficient to use the following abbreviations, although some can often be replaced by unabbreviated equivalents (''that is'' for ''i.e.'', ''namely'' for ''viz.'', and so on). Versions of non-acronym abbreviations that do not end in stops (periods) are [[WP:ENGVAR|more common in British than North American English]], and are always abbreviations that compress a word while retaining its first and last letters, rather than truncating. That said, US military ranks are often given without this punctuation. The Manual of Style on abbreviations, above, eschews the use of periods with acronyms ({{!xt|M.D.}}, {{!xt|Ph.D.}}).
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| <!-- This is not an index of every abbreviation, merely a guide on how and which abbreviations should be used in Wikipedia articles. -->
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| {| class="wikitable"
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| ! Word(s) !! Abbreviation
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| ! colspan="2"| Places
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| |-
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| | [[Avenue (landscape)|Avenue]] || Ave.
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| |-
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| | [[Boulevard]] || Blvd. or Blvd
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| |-
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| | [[East]] || E. or E {{Small|(use only in street addresses, not in other text)}}
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| |-
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| | [[Freeway]] || Fwy. or Fwy {{small|(the term is not generally used outside of North America)}}
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| |-
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| | [[Highway]] || Hwy. or Hwy {{small|(the term is not generally used outside of North America)}}
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| |-
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| | [[Motorway]] || Mwy {{small|(the term is not generally used in North America)}}
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| |-
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| | [[Mountain]] || Mtn. or Mtn
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| |-
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| | Mount || Mt. or Mt
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| |-
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| | [[North]] || N. or N {{Small|(use only in street addresses, not in other text)}}
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| |-
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| | North East or [[Northeast]] || N.E. or NE {{Small|(use only in street addresses, not in other text)}}
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| |-
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| | North West or [[Northwest]] || N.W. or NW {{Small|(use only in street addresses, not in other text)}}
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| | [[Road]] || Rd. or Rd
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| |-
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| | [[South]] || S. or S {{Small|(use only in street addresses, not in other text)}}
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| |-
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| | South East or [[cardinal direction#Additional points|Southeast]] || S.E. or SE {{Small|(use only in street addresses, not in other text)}}
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| |-
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| | South West or [[cardinal direction#Additional points|Southwest]] || S.W. or SW {{Small|(use only in street addresses, not in other text)}}
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| | [[Street]] || St. or St
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| | [[West]] || W. or W {{Small|(use only in street addresses, not in other text)}}
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| ! colspan="2"| Organisation name elements
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| | [[Academy]] || Acad.
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| | [[Association]] || Assn. or Assn
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| | Associates || Assoc.
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| | [[College]] || Coll.
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| | [[Company]] || Co.
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| | [[Corporation]] || Corp.
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| | [[Doing business as]] || d.b.a. or DBA (avoid {{!xt|d/b/a}} and {{!xt|D/B/A}}; these are obsolete)
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| | [[Incorporation (business)|Incorporated]] || Inc.
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| | [[Institute]]/[[Institution]] || Inst.
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| | [[Limited]] || Ltd. or Ltd
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| | [[Limited liability company]] (or partnership) || LLC (LLP)
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| | [[Public limited company]] || PLC
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| | [[Manufacturing]] || Mfg. or Mfg
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| | Press || Pr.
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| | Publications || Pub., Pubs., Pubs
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| | [[Publisher|Publishing]] || Pubg. or Pubg
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| | [[University]] || Univ., U. or Uni.
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| ! colspan="2"| Academic degrees, military ranks, professional titles, etc., used with personal names
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| | [[Bachelor of Arts]] {{small|(''Artium Baccalaureus'')}} || BA or AB
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| | [[Bachelor of Laws]] {{small|(''Legum Baccalaureus'')}} || LLB
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| | [[Bachelor of Science]] || BS or BSc
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| | [[Master of Arts]] || MA or AM
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| | [[Master of Science]] || MS or MSc
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| | [[Captain]] || Capt.
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| | [[Colonel]] || Col. or Col
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| | [[Commander]] || Cmdr., Cmdr, Cdr or Comdr
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| | [[Corporal]] || Cpl. or Cpl
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| | [[Doctor]] || Dr. or Dr
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| | [[Doctor of Medicine]] {{small|(''Medicinæ Doctor'')}} || MD
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| |-
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| | [[Doctor of Philosophy]] {{small|(''Philosophiæ Doctor'')}} || PhD
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| | [[General]] || Gen.
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| | [[Honorable]] || Hon.
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| |-
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| | [[Right Honourable]] || Rt. Hon. or Rt Hon.
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| | [[Junior]] || Jnr (not to be confused with [[WP:JR|Jr.]])
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| | [[Lieutenant]] || Lt. or Lt
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| | [[Monsignor]] || Mons., Msgr. or Msgr
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| |-
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| | [[Registered nurse]] || RN
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| |-
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| | [[Reverend]] || Rev. or Revd
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| |-
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| | [[Saint]] || St. or St
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| |-
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| | [[Senior]] || Snr (not to be confused with [[WP:JR|Sr.]])
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| | [[Sergeant]] || Sgt. or Sgt
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| | [[Master sergeant]] || MSgt. or MSgt
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| |-
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| | [[Staff sergeant]] || SSgt. or SSgt
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| |-
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| | [[Technical sergeant]] || TSgt. or TSgt
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| |}
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| ==Special considerations==
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| {{shortcut|MOS:POSTABBR}}
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| *[[Postal code]]s and abbreviations of place names (e.g. {{!xt|Calif.}} (California), {{!xt|TX}} (Texas), {{!xt|Yorks.}} (Yorkshire) should not be used to stand in for the full names in normal text. The practice is common when specifying places of publication in source citations, especially after the first occurrence.
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| *"Saint[e]" versus "St" or "St." in placenames should depend upon the official usage.
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| *Abbreviations should be written in the same fashion each time they are used within the same page (e.g. "US" and "U.S." should not be alternated). Any special cases should have a natural reason (perhaps a list of officers in a joint British–American taskforce) that should be obvious to the reader; stating such a reason in an HTML comment will help other editors to maintain it.
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| ==See also== | | ==See also== |
| *[[American and British English differences#Punctuation]] | | *[[Wikipedia:American and British English differences#Punctuation]] |
| *[[Wikipedia:Edit summary legend]] | | *[[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Edit summary legend|Wikipedia:Edit summary legend]] |
| *[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style#Acronyms and abbreviations]] | | *[[UniWiki:Manual of Style#Acronyms and abbreviations]] |
| *[[Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Capital letters#Acronyms]] | | *[[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Capital letters#Acronyms]] |
| *[[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (aircraft)]]
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| *[[Wikipedia:Naming conventions (ships)]]
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| [[Category:UniWiki Manual of Style]] | | [[Category:UniWiki Manual of Style]] |
