m Replaced em template |
m Replaced snd template |
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| {{xt|August{{nbsp}}2, 2001}} | | {{xt|August{{nbsp}}2, 2001}} | ||
| {{xt|Aug{{nbsp}}2, 2001}} | | {{xt|Aug{{nbsp}}2, 2001}} | ||
| A comma follows the year unless followed by other punctuation:<ref>See {{Section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style|Commas}}</ref><br />* {{xt|The weather on March 12, 2005, was clear and warm}}<br /> * {{xt|Everyone remembers July{{nbsp}}21, 1969 | | A comma follows the year unless followed by other punctuation:<ref>See {{Section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style|Commas}}</ref><br />* {{xt|The weather on March 12, 2005, was clear and warm}}<br /> * {{xt|Everyone remembers July{{nbsp}}21, 1969 - when man first landed on the Moon}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| {{xt|2{{nbsp}}August}} | | {{xt|2{{nbsp}}August}} | ||
| Line 169: | Line 169: | ||
====Ranges==== | ====Ranges==== | ||
* Use a dash, or a word such as ''from'' or ''between'', but not both: {{xt|from 1881 to 1886}} (not {{!xt|from 1881{{ndash}}1886}});{{nbsp}} {{xt|between June{{nbsp}}1 and July{{nbsp}}3}} (not {{!xt|between June{{nbsp}}1 | * Use a dash, or a word such as ''from'' or ''between'', but not both: {{xt|from 1881 to 1886}} (not {{!xt|from 1881{{ndash}}1886}});{{nbsp}} {{xt|between June{{nbsp}}1 and July{{nbsp}}3}} (not {{!xt|between June{{nbsp}}1 - July{{nbsp}}3}}) | ||
* A simple '''year{{ndash}}year''' range is written using an en dash (<code>&ndash;</code>) not a hyphen or slash; this dash is usually ''unspaced'' (that is, with no space on either side); and the range's end year is usually given in full: | * A simple '''year{{ndash}}year''' range is written using an en dash (<code>&ndash;</code>) not a hyphen or slash; this dash is usually ''unspaced'' (that is, with no space on either side); and the range's end year is usually given in full: | ||
: • {{xt|1881{{ndash}}1886}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|1881{{ndash}}1992}} (not {{!xt|1881{{ndash}}86}};{{nbsp}} {{!xt|1881 | : • {{xt|1881{{ndash}}1886}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|1881{{ndash}}1992}} (not {{!xt|1881{{ndash}}86}};{{nbsp}} {{!xt|1881 - 1992}}) | ||
:: Markup: <code>1881{{t|ndash}}1886</code> or <code>1881&ndash;1886</code> | :: Markup: <code>1881{{t|ndash}}1886</code> or <code>1881&ndash;1886</code> | ||
:* '''Two-digit ending years''' ({{xt|1881{{ndash}}82}}, but never {{!xt|1881{{ndash}}882}} or {{!xt|1881{{ndash}}2}}) ''may'' be used in the case of ''two consecutive years;'' in infoboxes and tables where space is limited (using a single format consistently in any given table column); or in certain topic areas if there is a very good reason, such as matching the established convention of reliable sources. | :* '''Two-digit ending years''' ({{xt|1881{{ndash}}82}}, but never {{!xt|1881{{ndash}}882}} or {{!xt|1881{{ndash}}2}}) ''may'' be used in the case of ''two consecutive years;'' in infoboxes and tables where space is limited (using a single format consistently in any given table column); or in certain topic areas if there is a very good reason, such as matching the established convention of reliable sources. | ||
| Line 178: | Line 178: | ||
* Other "simple" ranges use an ''unspaced'' en dash as well: | * Other "simple" ranges use an ''unspaced'' en dash as well: | ||
:* '''day{{ndash}}day''': {{xt|5{{ndash}}7{{nbsp}}January 1979}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|January{{nbsp}}5{{ndash}}7, 1979}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|elections were held March 5{{ndash}}8}} | :* '''day{{ndash}}day''': {{xt|5{{ndash}}7{{nbsp}}January 1979}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|January{{nbsp}}5{{ndash}}7, 1979}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|elections were held March 5{{ndash}}8}} | ||
:* '''month{{ndash}}month''': {{xt|the 1940 peak period was May{{ndash}}July}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|the peak period was May{{ndash}}July{{nbsp}}1940}};{{nbsp}} (but {{xt|the peak period was May 1940 | :* '''month{{ndash}}month''': {{xt|the 1940 peak period was May{{ndash}}July}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|the peak period was May{{ndash}}July{{nbsp}}1940}};{{nbsp}} (but {{xt|the peak period was May 1940 - July 1940}} uses a ''spaced'' en dash; ''see below''. | ||
* If at least one of the items on either side of the en dash contains a space, then a ''spaced'' en dash ({{tl|snd}}) is used: | * If at least one of the items on either side of the en dash contains a space, then a ''spaced'' en dash ({{tl|snd}}) is used: | ||
:* '''between specific dates in different months''': {{xt|They travelled June{{nbsp}}3 | :* '''between specific dates in different months''': {{xt|They travelled June{{nbsp}}3 - August{{nbsp}}18, 1952}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|They travelled 3{{nbsp}}June - 18{{nbsp}}August 1952}} | ||
:* '''between dates in different years''': | :* '''between dates in different years''': | ||
:: {{xt|'''Charles Robert Darwin''' (12{{nbsp}}February 1809 | :: {{xt|'''Charles Robert Darwin''' (12{{nbsp}}February 1809 - 19{{nbsp}}April}} 1882) was an English naturalist{{nbsp}}... | ||
:: Markup: <code>12{{t|nbsp}}February 1809{{t|snd}}19{{t|nbsp}}April 1882</code> or <code>12&nbsp;February 1809&nbsp;&ndash; 19&nbsp;April 1882</code> | :: Markup: <code>12{{t|nbsp}}February 1809{{t|snd}}19{{t|nbsp}}April 1882</code> or <code>12&nbsp;February 1809&nbsp;&ndash; 19&nbsp;April 1882</code> | ||
:: {{xt|'''Abraham Lincoln''' (February{{nbsp}}12, 1809 | :: {{xt|'''Abraham Lincoln''' (February{{nbsp}}12, 1809 - April{{nbsp}}15, 1865) was the 16th President of{{nbsp}}...}} | ||
:* '''between months in different years''': {{xt|The exception was in force August 1892 | :* '''between months in different years''': {{xt|The exception was in force August 1892 - January 1903}};{{nbsp}} {{xt|The Ghent Incursion (March 1822 - January{{nbsp}}1, 1823) was ended by the New Year's Treaty}} | ||
:: Markup: <code>March 1822{{t|snd}}January{{t|nbsp}}1, 1823</code> or <code>March 1822&nbsp;&ndash; January&nbsp;1, 1823</code> | :: Markup: <code>March 1822{{t|snd}}January{{t|nbsp}}1, 1823</code> or <code>March 1822&nbsp;&ndash; January&nbsp;1, 1823</code> | ||
:* '''Where ''circa'' or other modifiers are used''': {{xt|reigned c. 1393 | :* '''Where ''circa'' or other modifiers are used''': {{xt|reigned c. 1393 - 1414}} ''See {{section link||Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates}}, below.'' | ||
* Constructions such as {{xt|1982{{ndash}}present}} (with unspaced ndash), {{xt|January 1, 2011 | * Constructions such as {{xt|1982{{ndash}}present}} (with unspaced ndash), {{xt|January 1, 2011 - present}} (spaced ndash), or {{xt|January 2011 - present}} (spaced ndash) may be used where appropriate, but other constructions may be more appropriate in prose ''(see {{section link||Statements likely to become outdated}}). In tables and infoboxes where space is limited, ''pres.'' may be used ({{xt|1982{{ndash}}pres.}}). Do not use incomplete-looking constructions such as {{!xt|1982{{ndash}}}} and {{!xt|1982{{ndash}}... .}} | ||
* For a '''person still living''': {{xt|'''Serena Williams''' (born September{{nbsp}}26, 1981) is a{{nbsp}}...}}, not {{!xt|(September{{nbsp}}26, 1981 | * For a '''person still living''': {{xt|'''Serena Williams''' (born September{{nbsp}}26, 1981) is a{{nbsp}}...}}, not {{!xt|(September{{nbsp}}26, 1981 - )}} or {{!xt|(born on September{{nbsp}}26, 1981)}}. | ||
:Do not use <code>*</code> to indicate ''born''; use <code>b.</code> only where space is limited e.g. tables and infoboxes; use either <code>born</code> or <code>b.</code> consistently in any given table column. | :Do not use <code>*</code> to indicate ''born''; use <code>b.</code> only where space is limited e.g. tables and infoboxes; use either <code>born</code> or <code>b.</code> consistently in any given table column. | ||
* Where '''birthdate is unknown''': {{xt|'''John Smith''' (died May{{nbsp}}1, 1622){{nbsp}}...}} or {{xt|'''John Smith''' (died 1622){{nbsp}}...}} | * Where '''birthdate is unknown''': {{xt|'''John Smith''' (died May{{nbsp}}1, 1622){{nbsp}}...}} or {{xt|'''John Smith''' (died 1622){{nbsp}}...}} | ||
:Do not use <code>†</code> to indicate ''died''; use <code>d.</code> only where space is limited, with consistency within any given table column. | :Do not use <code>†</code> to indicate ''died''; use <code>d.</code> only where space is limited, with consistency within any given table column. | ||
* An '''overnight period''' may be expressed using a slash between two contiguous dates: {{xt|the night raids of 30/31{{nbsp}}May 1942}} or {{xt|raids of 31{{nbsp}}May{{nbsp}}/ 1{{nbsp}}June 1942}}. | * An '''overnight period''' may be expressed using a slash between two contiguous dates: {{xt|the night raids of 30/31{{nbsp}}May 1942}} or {{xt|raids of 31{{nbsp}}May{{nbsp}}/ 1{{nbsp}}June 1942}}. | ||
: Or use an en dash: (unspaced) {{xt|raids of 30{{ndash}}31{{nbsp}}May 1942}};{{nbsp}} (spaced) {{xt|raids of 31{{nbsp}}May | : Or use an en dash: (unspaced) {{xt|raids of 30{{ndash}}31{{nbsp}}May 1942}};{{nbsp}} (spaced) {{xt|raids of 31{{nbsp}}May - 1{{nbsp}}June 1942}}. | ||
====Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates==== | ====Uncertain, incomplete, or approximate dates==== | ||
| Line 201: | Line 201: | ||
: • {{xt|At the birth of Roger Bacon (c. 1214){{nbsp}}...}} | : • {{xt|At the birth of Roger Bacon (c. 1214){{nbsp}}...}} | ||
* Where both endpoints of a range are approximate, c. should appear before each date: | * Where both endpoints of a range are approximate, c. should appear before each date: | ||
: • {{xt|'''Dionysius Exiguus''' (c. 470 | : • {{xt|'''Dionysius Exiguus''' (c. 470 - c. 540){{nbsp}}...}} (not {{!xt|'''Dionysius Exiguus''' (c. 470 - 540){{nbsp}}...}}) | ||
: • {{xt|'''Rameses III''' (reigned c. 1180 – c. 1150{{nbsp}}BCE){{nbsp}}...}} (not {{!xt|'''Rameses III''' (reigned c. 1180 | : • {{xt|'''Rameses III''' (reigned c. 1180 – c. 1150{{nbsp}}BCE){{nbsp}}...}} (not {{!xt|'''Rameses III''' (reigned c. 1180 - 1150{{nbsp}}BCE){{nbsp}}...}}) | ||
* When a date is known to be either of two years (e.g. from a [[Wikipedia:Regnal years of English monarchs|regnal]] or [[Wikipedia:Hijri year|AH]] year conversion, or a known age at death): | * When a date is known to be either of two years (e.g. from a [[Wikipedia:Regnal years of English monarchs|regnal]] or [[Wikipedia:Hijri year|AH]] year conversion, or a known age at death): | ||
: • {{xt|'''Anne Smith''' (born 1912 or 1913; died 2013){{nbsp}}...}} | : • {{xt|'''Anne Smith''' (born 1912 or 1913; died 2013){{nbsp}}...}} | ||
* Other forms of uncertainty should be expressed in words, either in article text or in a footnote: {{xt|April{{nbsp}}14, 1224 (unattested date)}}. Do not use a question mark ({{!xt|1291?}}), because it fails to communicate the nature of the uncertainty. | * Other forms of uncertainty should be expressed in words, either in article text or in a footnote: {{xt|April{{nbsp}}14, 1224 (unattested date)}}. Do not use a question mark ({{!xt|1291?}}), because it fails to communicate the nature of the uncertainty. | ||
* Ranges in which {{xt|c.}}, {{xt|after}}, {{xt|fl.}} or similar forms appear—whether on one or both sides—employ a ''spaced'' endash (<code><nowiki> | * Ranges in which {{xt|c.}}, {{xt|after}}, {{xt|fl.}} or similar forms appear—whether on one or both sides—employ a ''spaced'' endash (<code><nowiki> - </nowiki></code>) and ideally a nonbreaking space should follow very short modifiers such as {{xt|c.}} and {{xt|fl.}}. ''Markup:'' <code><nowiki>1896 - after 1954</nowiki></code> | ||
===<span id="Day, month and season names"></span><span id="Longer periods"></span><span id="Other periods"></span>Other=== | ===<span id="Day, month and season names"></span><span id="Longer periods"></span><span id="Other periods"></span>Other=== | ||
| Line 248: | Line 248: | ||
: • Not {{!xt|There were many matches'''.''' 23 ended in a draw}}, | : • Not {{!xt|There were many matches'''.''' 23 ended in a draw}}, | ||
: but {{xt|There were many matches''';''' 23{{nbsp}}ended in a draw}} or {{xt|There were many matches'''.''' Twenty-three ended in a draw}}. | : but {{xt|There were many matches''';''' 23{{nbsp}}ended in a draw}} or {{xt|There were many matches'''.''' Twenty-three ended in a draw}}. | ||
: • Not {{!xt|1945 and 1950 saw crucial elections}} (nor {{!xt|Nineteen forty-five and 1950 saw crucial elections}} | : • Not {{!xt|1945 and 1950 saw crucial elections}} (nor {{!xt|Nineteen forty-five and 1950 saw crucial elections}} - because comparable numbers should be both written in words or both in figures) but {{xt|The elections of 1945 and 1950 were crucial.}} | ||
:* Exception: Where a proper name, technical term, etc., itself beginning with a numeral, opens the sentence ({{xt|1-Naphthylamine is typically synthesized via the Feldenshlager{{ndash}}Glockenspiel process}}) although this can usually be avoided by rewording ({{xt|Feldenshlager{{ndash}}Glockenspiel is the process typically used in the synthesis of 1-naphthylamine}}). | :* Exception: Where a proper name, technical term, etc., itself beginning with a numeral, opens the sentence ({{xt|1-Naphthylamine is typically synthesized via the Feldenshlager{{ndash}}Glockenspiel process}}) although this can usually be avoided by rewording ({{xt|Feldenshlager{{ndash}}Glockenspiel is the process typically used in the synthesis of 1-naphthylamine}}). | ||
| Line 268: | Line 268: | ||
* Spelled-out fractions are hyphenated: {{xt|seven-eighths}}. | * Spelled-out fractions are hyphenated: {{xt|seven-eighths}}. | ||
* Where numerator and denominator can each be expressed in one word, a fraction is usually [[Wikipedia:Fractions#Pronunciation and spelling|spelled out]] (e.g. {{xt|a two-thirds majority}}; {{nbsp}}{{xt|moved one-quarter mile}}); use figures if a fraction appears with a symbol (e.g. {{xt|<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub>{{nbsp}}mi}} | * Where numerator and denominator can each be expressed in one word, a fraction is usually [[Wikipedia:Fractions#Pronunciation and spelling|spelled out]] (e.g. {{xt|a two-thirds majority}}; {{nbsp}}{{xt|moved one-quarter mile}}); use figures if a fraction appears with a symbol (e.g. {{xt|<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub>{{nbsp}}mi}} - markup: <code><nowiki><sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;mi</nowiki></code>, not {{!xt|a quarter of a mi}} or {{!xt|one-quarter mi}}). | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Mixed numbers|Mixed numbers]] are usually given in figures, unspaced (not {{!xt|Fellini's film ''8{{nbsp}}<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>''}} or {{!xt|''8-<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>''}} but {{xt|Fellini's film ''8<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>''}} | * [[Wikipedia:Mixed numbers|Mixed numbers]] are usually given in figures, unspaced (not {{!xt|Fellini's film ''8{{nbsp}}<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>''}} or {{!xt|''8-<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>''}} but {{xt|Fellini's film ''8<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>''}} - markup: <code><nowiki>8<sup>1</sup>&frasl;<sub>2</sub></nowiki></code>). In any case the integer and fractional parts should be consistent (not {{!xt|nine and{{nbsp}}<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>2</sub>}}). | ||
* Metric (SI) measurements generally use decimals, not fractions ({{xt|5.25{{nbsp}}mm}}, not {{!xt|5<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub>{{nbsp}}mm}}). | * Metric (SI) measurements generally use decimals, not fractions ({{xt|5.25{{nbsp}}mm}}, not {{!xt|5<sup>1</sup>⁄<sub>4</sub>{{nbsp}}mm}}). | ||
* Do not use special characters such as "½" (deprecated markup: <s><code>&frac12;</code></s> or <s><code>&#189;</code></s>). | * Do not use special characters such as "½" (deprecated markup: <s><code>&frac12;</code></s> or <s><code>&#189;</code></s>). | ||
* Ordinal suffixes such as '''-th''' should not be used with fractions expressed in figures (not {{!xt|each US state has 1/50th of the [[Wikipedia:United States Senate|Senate's]] votes}}; {{!xt|1/8th mile}}, but {{xt|one-fiftieth of the [[Wikipedia:United States Senate|Senate's]] votes}}; {{xt|1/8 mile}}; {{xt|one-eighth mile}}). | * Ordinal suffixes such as '''-th''' should not be used with fractions expressed in figures (not {{!xt|each US state has 1/50th of the [[Wikipedia:United States Senate|Senate's]] votes}}; {{!xt|1/8th mile}}, but {{xt|one-fiftieth of the [[Wikipedia:United States Senate|Senate's]] votes}}; {{xt|1/8 mile}}; {{xt|one-eighth mile}}). | ||
* Dimensionless ratios (i.e. those not incorporating units) are given using numerals and a colon, or numbers-as-words and ''to'': {{xt|favored by a 3:1 ratio}} or {{xt|a three-to-one ratio}}, but not {{!xt|a 3/1 ratio}} or {{!xt|a 3–1 ratio}}. Use a "spaced" colon when a decimal point is present ({{xt|a 3.5 : 1 ratio}} | * Dimensionless ratios (i.e. those not incorporating units) are given using numerals and a colon, or numbers-as-words and ''to'': {{xt|favored by a 3:1 ratio}} or {{xt|a three-to-one ratio}}, but not {{!xt|a 3/1 ratio}} or {{!xt|a 3–1 ratio}}. Use a "spaced" colon when a decimal point is present ({{xt|a 3.5 : 1 ratio}} - markup: <code>a 3.5&nbsp;:&nbsp;1 ratio</code>). Do not use the colon form where units are involved ({{!xt|dissolve using a 3 ml:1 g ratio}})—instead see ''ratios'' section of table at [[#Unit names and symbols|§ Unit names and symbols]], below.'' | ||
===Decimals=== | ===Decimals=== | ||
| Line 315: | Line 315: | ||
: • {{xt|The speed of light is defined to be 299,792,458{{nbsp}}m/s}} | : • {{xt|The speed of light is defined to be 299,792,458{{nbsp}}m/s}} | ||
:: ''but'' {{xt|Particle velocities eventually reached almost two-thirds the 300-million-metre-per-second speed of light.}} | :: ''but'' {{xt|Particle velocities eventually reached almost two-thirds the 300-million-metre-per-second speed of light.}} | ||
: • {{xt|The city's 1920 population was 10,000}} (not {{!xt|population was 9,996}} | : • {{xt|The city's 1920 population was 10,000}} (not {{!xt|population was 9,996}} - an official figure unlikely to be accurate at full precision) | ||
:: ''but'' {{xt|The town was ineligible because its official census figure (9,996) fell short of the statutory minimum of ten thousand }} (unusual case in which the full-precision official population figure is helpful to readers) | :: ''but'' {{xt|The town was ineligible because its official census figure (9,996) fell short of the statutory minimum of ten thousand }} (unusual case in which the full-precision official population figure is helpful to readers) | ||
: • {{xt| The accident killed 337 passengers and crew, and three airport workers }} (likely that accurate and precise figures were determined) | : • {{xt| The accident killed 337 passengers and crew, and three airport workers }} (likely that accurate and precise figures were determined) | ||
: • {{xt| At least 800 persons died in the ensuing mudslides }} (unlikely that any precise number can be accurate, even if an official figure is issued) | : • {{xt| At least 800 persons died in the ensuing mudslides }} (unlikely that any precise number can be accurate, even if an official figure is issued) | ||
:: ''or'' {{xt| Officials listed 835 deaths, but the Red Cross said dozens more may have gone unreported }} (in reporting conflicting information, give detail sufficient to make the contrast intelligible) | :: ''or'' {{xt| Officials listed 835 deaths, but the Red Cross said dozens more may have gone unreported }} (in reporting conflicting information, give detail sufficient to make the contrast intelligible) | ||
: • {{xt|The jury's award was $8.5{{nbsp}}million{{nbsp}}...}} (where the actual figure was $8,462,247.63) {{xt| ... | : • {{xt|The jury's award was $8.5{{nbsp}}million{{nbsp}}...}} (where the actual figure was $8,462,247.63) {{xt| ... - reduced on appeal to $3,000,001 (one dollar in [[Wikipedia:Actual damages|actual damages]], the remainder in [[Wikipedia:Punitive damages|punitive damages]])}} | ||
* The number of decimal places should be consistent within a list or context ({{xt|The response rates were 41.0 and 47.4 percent, respectively}}, not {{!xt|41 and 47.4 percent}}), unless different precisions are actually intended. | * The number of decimal places should be consistent within a list or context ({{xt|The response rates were 41.0 and 47.4 percent, respectively}}, not {{!xt|41 and 47.4 percent}}), unless different precisions are actually intended. | ||
* It may sometimes be appropriate to note the ''lack'' of uncertainty information, especially where such information is normally provided and necessary for full interpretation of the figures supplied. | * It may sometimes be appropriate to note the ''lack'' of uncertainty information, especially where such information is normally provided and necessary for full interpretation of the figures supplied. | ||
| Line 326: | Line 326: | ||
* Avoid using "approximately", "about", and similar terms with figures that have merely been approximated or rounded in a normal and expected way, unless the reader might otherwise be misled. | * Avoid using "approximately", "about", and similar terms with figures that have merely been approximated or rounded in a normal and expected way, unless the reader might otherwise be misled. | ||
: • {{xt|The tallest player was 6 feet 3 inches}} (not {{!xt|... about 6 feet 3 inches}} | : • {{xt|The tallest player was 6 feet 3 inches}} (not {{!xt|... about 6 feet 3 inches}} - heights are conventionally reported only to the nearest inch, even though greater precision may be available in principle) | ||
:: ''but'' {{xt|The witness said the assailant was about 5 feet 8 inches tall}} ("about" because here the precise value is unknown, with substantial uncertainty) | :: ''but'' {{xt|The witness said the assailant was about 5 feet 8 inches tall}} ("about" because here the precise value is unknown, with substantial uncertainty) | ||
* The reader may be assumed to interpret large round numbers ({{xt|100,000 troops}}) as approximations. Writing a quantity in words ({{xt|one hundred thousand troops}}) can further emphasize its approximate nature. | * The reader may be assumed to interpret large round numbers ({{xt|100,000 troops}}) as approximations. Writing a quantity in words ({{xt|one hundred thousand troops}}) can further emphasize its approximate nature. | ||
| Line 354: | Line 354: | ||
* Where space is limited, such as in tables, infoboxes, parenthetical notes, and mathematical formulas, unit symbols are preferred. | * Where space is limited, such as in tables, infoboxes, parenthetical notes, and mathematical formulas, unit symbols are preferred. | ||
* Units unfamiliar to general readers should be presented as a name{{ndash}}symbol pair on first use, linking the unit name ({{xt|Energies were originally 2.3 [[Wikipedia:Megaelectronvolts|megaelectronvolts]] (MeV), but were eventually 6{{nbsp}}MeV}}). | * Units unfamiliar to general readers should be presented as a name{{ndash}}symbol pair on first use, linking the unit name ({{xt|Energies were originally 2.3 [[Wikipedia:Megaelectronvolts|megaelectronvolts]] (MeV), but were eventually 6{{nbsp}}MeV}}). | ||
* Ranges use unspaced en dash ({{tl|ndash}}) if only one unit symbol is used at the end (e.g. {{xt|5.9{{ndash}}6.3{{nbsp}}kg}}), and spaced en dash ({{tl|snd}}) if two symbols are used (e.g. {{xt|3{{nbsp}}μm | * Ranges use unspaced en dash ({{tl|ndash}}) if only one unit symbol is used at the end (e.g. {{xt|5.9{{ndash}}6.3{{nbsp}}kg}}), and spaced en dash ({{tl|snd}}) if two symbols are used (e.g. {{xt|3{{nbsp}}μm - 1{{nbsp}}mm}}); ranges | ||
in prose may be specified using either unit symbol or unit names, and units may be stated either after both numerical values or after the last (e.g. {{xt|from 5.9 to 6.3 kilograms}}, {{xt|from 5.9 kilograms to 6.3 kilograms}}, {{xt|from 5.9 to 6.3{{nbsp}}kg}} and {{xt|from 5.9{{nbsp}}kg to 6.3{{nbsp}}kg}} are all acceptable). | in prose may be specified using either unit symbol or unit names, and units may be stated either after both numerical values or after the last (e.g. {{xt|from 5.9 to 6.3 kilograms}}, {{xt|from 5.9 kilograms to 6.3 kilograms}}, {{xt|from 5.9 to 6.3{{nbsp}}kg}} and {{xt|from 5.9{{nbsp}}kg to 6.3{{nbsp}}kg}} are all acceptable). | ||
* Length{{ndash}}width, length{{ndash}}width{{ndash}}height and similar dimensions may be separated by the multiplication sign (<code>×</code> or <code>&times;</code>) or the word '''by'''. | * Length{{ndash}}width, length{{ndash}}width{{ndash}}height and similar dimensions may be separated by the multiplication sign (<code>×</code> or <code>&times;</code>) or the word '''by'''. | ||
| Line 509: | Line 509: | ||
|{{!xt|meter/second}} | |{{!xt|meter/second}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
|rowspan=2|Indicate a ratio of unit ''symbols'' with a forward slash (<code>/</code>), followed by either a single symbol or a parenthesized product of symbols | |rowspan=2|Indicate a ratio of unit ''symbols'' with a forward slash (<code>/</code>), followed by either a single symbol or a parenthesized product of symbols - do not use multiple slashes. Or use{{nbsp}}<sup>−1</sup>,{{nbsp}}<sup>−2</sup>, etc. | ||
| | | | ||
* {{xt|metre per second}} | * {{xt|metre per second}} | ||
| Line 642: | Line 642: | ||
===Currency symbols=== | ===Currency symbols=== | ||
* In general, the first mention of a particular currency should use its full, unambiguous signifier (e.g. {{xt|A$52}}), with subsequent references using just the appropriate symbol (e.g. {{xt|$88}}), unless this would be unclear. ''Exceptions:'' | * In general, the first mention of a particular currency should use its full, unambiguous signifier (e.g. {{xt|A$52}}), with subsequent references using just the appropriate symbol (e.g. {{xt|$88}}), unless this would be unclear. ''Exceptions:'' | ||
:* In an article referring to multiple currencies represented by the same symbol (e.g. the dollars of the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries | :* In an article referring to multiple currencies represented by the same symbol (e.g. the dollars of the US, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and other countries - ''see [[Wikipedia:Currency symbols#dollar variants|Wikipedia:Dollar variants'') use the full signifier (e.g. {{xt|US$}}, {{xt|A$}}) each time, except (possibly) where a particular context makes this both unnecessary and undesirable. | ||
:* In articles entirely on EU-, UK- and/or US-related topics, all occurrences may be shortened ({{xt|€26}}, {{xt|£22}} or {{xt|$34}}), unless this would be unclear. | :* In articles entirely on EU-, UK- and/or US-related topics, all occurrences may be shortened ({{xt|€26}}, {{xt|£22}} or {{xt|$34}}), unless this would be unclear. | ||
* The [[Wikipedia:Pound sterling|pound sterling]] is represented by the {{xt|£}} symbol, with one horizontal bar. The double-barred {{!xt|₤}} symbol is ambiguous, as it has also been used for the [[Wikipedia:Italian lira|Italian lira]] and other currencies. For non-British currencies that use pounds or a pound symbol (e.g. the [[Wikipedia:Irish pound|Irish pound]], IR£) use the symbol conventionally preferred for that currency. | * The [[Wikipedia:Pound sterling|pound sterling]] is represented by the {{xt|£}} symbol, with one horizontal bar. The double-barred {{!xt|₤}} symbol is ambiguous, as it has also been used for the [[Wikipedia:Italian lira|Italian lira]] and other currencies. For non-British currencies that use pounds or a pound symbol (e.g. the [[Wikipedia:Irish pound|Irish pound]], IR£) use the symbol conventionally preferred for that currency. | ||
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===Formatting=== | ===Formatting=== | ||
* A period (full stop, <code>.</code>) is used as the decimal point | * A period (full stop, <code>.</code>) is used as the decimal point - never a comma ({{xt|$6.57}}, not {{!xt|$6,57}}). | ||
* ''For the grouping of digits (e.g. {{xt|£1,234,567}}) see {{section link||Grouping of digits}}, above.'' | * ''For the grouping of digits (e.g. {{xt|£1,234,567}}) see {{section link||Grouping of digits}}, above.'' | ||
* Do not place a currency symbol ''after'' the accompanying numeric figures (e.g. {{!xt|123$}}, {{!xt|123£}}, {{!xt|123€}}) unless that is the normal convention for that symbol when writing in English: {{xt|smaller British coins include 1p, 2p, and 5p denominations}}. Never use forms such as {{!xt|$US123}} or {{!xt|$123 (US)}}. | * Do not place a currency symbol ''after'' the accompanying numeric figures (e.g. {{!xt|123$}}, {{!xt|123£}}, {{!xt|123€}}) unless that is the normal convention for that symbol when writing in English: {{xt|smaller British coins include 1p, 2p, and 5p denominations}}. Never use forms such as {{!xt|$US123}} or {{!xt|$123 (US)}}. | ||
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===Conversions=== | ===Conversions=== | ||
* Conversions of ''less-familiar currencies'' may be provided in terms of more familiar currencies | * Conversions of ''less-familiar currencies'' may be provided in terms of more familiar currencies - such as the US dollar, euro or pound sterling - using an appropriate rate (which is often ''not'' the current exchange rate). Conversions should be in parentheses after the original currency, rounding to avoid [[Wikipedia:False precision|false precision]] (two significant digits is usually sufficient, as most exchange rates fluctuate significantly), with at least the year given as a rough point of conversion rate reference; e.g. {{xt|Since 2001 the grant has been 10,000,000 [[Wikipedia:Swedish krona|Swedish kronor]] ($1.4M, €1.0M, or £800k, not {{!xt|($1,390,570, €971,673 or £848,646)}}. | ||
* For ''obsolete currencies'', provide an equivalent (formatted as a conversion) if possible, in the modern replacement currency (e.g. decimal pounds for historical pre-decimal pounds-and-shillings), or a US-dollar equivalent where there is no modern equivalent. | * For ''obsolete currencies'', provide an equivalent (formatted as a conversion) if possible, in the modern replacement currency (e.g. decimal pounds for historical pre-decimal pounds-and-shillings), or a US-dollar equivalent where there is no modern equivalent. | ||
* In some cases it may be appropriate to provide a conversion accounting for inflation or deflation over time. | * In some cases it may be appropriate to provide a conversion accounting for inflation or deflation over time. | ||
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