Turrets

Turrets are the most common weapon system in Eve. They apply damage instantly, use ammunition or charges, and their effectiveness is partially determined by the traversal speed of the firing ship and its target. This page explains the three variations of turret and their ammunition available in Eve. If you want to delve into the mathematics of gunnery in Eve, see this wiki's page on Turret Damage, and if you want to learn how gunnery works without having to study the mathematical detail, see the Gunnery Guide.

Overview

There are three kinds of turret in Eve:

• hybrid turrets
• projectile turrets
• energy turrets (lasers)

Each type can be further broken down into a set of long-ranged turrets which, broadly, deal high damage-per-shot ('volley', 'alpha') but low damage-per-second (DPS) and poor tracking, and a set of short-ranged turrets with lower alpha but high DPS and superior tracking. Hybrid turrets, for example, are either railguns (long-ranged, low DPS) or blasters (short-ranged, high DPS).

Tech 2 turrets, particularly large and medium ones, require considerable training time. The long-ranged and short-ranged varieties of Tech 2 turrets require separate skills -- returning to hybrid turrets, for example, you need Small Blaster Specialization to use small T2 blasters but Small Railgun Specialization to use small T2 railguns.

Each of the three kinds of turret comes in four sizes:

• small (mounted on frigates and destroyers)
• medium (mounted on cruisers and battlecruisers)
• large (mounted on battleships and tier 3 battlecruisers)
• extra-large (mounted on capital and supercapital ships)

Ammunition/charges

Each of the three kinds of turret has a selection of types of ammunition (using 'ammunition' loosely -- energy turrets load crystals). Ammunition comes in four sizes matching the four sizes of turret (S, M, L and XL).

Faction ammo is also available (for example, Republic Fleet Fusion S instead of normal Fusion S). Faction ammo is expensive but gives you more DPS. Generally speaking it is useful in PvP but rarely cost-effective in PvE. University pilots are allowed to use faction ammo during wartime, and if they are flying as damage-dealers and can afford it, they are encouraged to load it.

Tech 2 turrets can use Tech 2 ammo. Each type of turret has four associated kinds of T2 ammo, two varieties of T2 ammo for T2 short-ranged turrets and two for Tech 2 long-ranged turrets. Using hybrid turrets as an example once again, T2 blasters can load:

• normal hybrid ammo
• faction hybrid ammo
• or two types of T2 blaster ammo (Void and Null)

While T2 railguns can load:

• normal hybrid ammo
• faction hybrid ammo
• or two types of T2 railgun ammo (Spike and Javelin)

T2 ammo is designed to be give you extra tactical options or to be useful in specific situations -- it is not always better than T1 or faction ammo.

Hybrid turrets

Hybrid turrets fire charged projectiles at the enemy using magnetic fields -- using energy, like lasers, but firing solid projectiles, like projectile guns, hence "hybrids".

In practice this means that they use capacitor when they fire (like lasers, though they are less cap-hungry than lasers). Pilots who use hybrid turrets will want to have good capacitor skills and to train Controlled Bursts to support their guns' requirements. Hybrid turrets also have to be regularly reloaded with fresh ammunition (like projectile guns).

Hybrid turrets can only do kinetic and thermal damage.

The two kinds of hybrid turret are:

• Blasters, which have (very) short ranges and deal (very) high DPS; and
• Railguns, which have (very) long-ranges and deal less DPS.

Many Gallente ships and some Caldari ships use hybrid turrets as their primary weapon. The Gallente ships tend to be more suited to blasters and the Caldari ships more suited to railguns, but this is not a hard-and-fast rule, as any pilot who flies a sniping Hecate or a blaster Rokh will tell you.

The low slot Magnetic Field Stabilizer module increases hybrid turrets' damage and rate of fire.

Hybrid ammo

There are eight kinds of standard Tech 1 hybrid ammo. They all do a mixture of kinetic and thermal damage (the proportion varies).

Each ammunition type has a different range modifier, does a different amount of damage and uses a different amount of your capacitor when fired. The better the range, the lower base damage the ammo deals, creating a sliding scale from short-ranged, high-damage Antimatter to long-ranged, low-damage Iron.

This table lists the standard Tech 1 kinds of hybrid ammo, from shortest-ranged to longest. You can also see the different ammunition types' effects on your turrets' cap requirements. The range modifiers in these tables apply to optimal range. The numbers for damage are raw figures for the 'Small' ammo size, Medium is 2x greater, Large is 4x greater, and Extra Large is 8x greater.

Name	Range Mod.	Cap. Need Mod.	Kinetic	Thermal
Antimatter	-50%	0%	7	5
Plutonium	-37.5%	-5%	6	5
Uranium	-25%	-8%	6	4
Thorium	-12.5%	-40%	5	4
Lead	0%	-50%	5	3
Iridium	20%	-24%	4	3
Tungsten	40%	-27%	4	2
Iron	60%	-30%	3	2

The two Tech 2 ammunition types for blasters are Null and Void (har har). Void is rarely used, while Null is sometimes loaded by blaster-equipped pilots who can't get close to their target or who need to skirmish. The effects of these ammo types on range, tracking speed, and capacitor need is given in the following table:

Name	Optimal	Falloff	Tracking	Cap. Need	Kinetic	Thermal
Null	+40%	+40%	-25%	0%	5	6
Void	-25%	-50%	-25%	+25%	7.7	7.7

The two Tech 2 ammo types for railguns are Spike and Javelin. Javelin lets railguns pretend to be blasters: it has a much shorter range, higher damage, and a tracking bonus. Spike is an extra-long range ammo, with an 80% range bonus but very large penalties to tracking speed.

Name	Optimal	Falloff	Tracking	Cap. Need	Kinetic	Thermal
Spike	+80%	0%	-75%	0%	4	4
Javelin	-75%	0%	25%	0%	6	8

Projectile turrets

Projectile turrets are Eve's most low-tech weapons (and the ones which can be most accurately called guns). They work like real-life guns. Projectile turrets don't use up any capacitor when they fire (like missile launchers), but they must be regularly reloaded with fresh ammunition. Unlike the other two kinds of turrets, projectile turrets can do all four different kinds of damage depending on the ammunition they are loaded with.

The two kinds of projectile turret are:

• Autocannon, which have short ranges, good tracking, and deal high DPS; and
• Artillery, which have long ranges, very poor tracking, and deal less DPS.

Note that one of the kinds of large (battleship-sized) autocannon is called 'repeating artillery'. These are nevertheless classified as autocannons.

Of all the kinds of long-ranged turret in the game, artillery turrets tend to have the best alpha strike. Autocannon, and to a lesser extent artillery, have very long falloff ranges and short optimal ranges, and it's more viable to use projectile turrets in their first falloff range than it is to use lasers or hybrids in their falloff.

Most Minmatar ships use projectile turrets as their main weapon. The low slot Gyrostabilizer module increases projectile turrets' damage and rate of fire.

Projectile ammo

Main article: Projectile Ammunition

There are eight kinds of standard Tech 1 projectile ammo. The picture here is more complicated than with hybrid ammo: projectile ammo does a wider range of damage types and does not present a gradual exchange of damage for range.

Projectile ammo can be split into three tiers, short-ranged (EMP, Fusion and Phased Plasma), medium-ranged (Titanium Sabot and Depleted Uranium) and long-ranged (Proton, Nuclear and Carbonized Lead). All ammo within each tier has the same range and tracking modifiers, but the different types offer different kinds of damage. The medium-ranged tier (Titanium Sabot and Depleted Uranium) has a significant tracking speed bonus.

This is summarised in the following table. Numbers are given for the "Small" ammunition; Medium is 2x greater, Large is 4x greater, and Extra Large is 8x greater. Also, this is before the "DAMAGE MODIFIER" attribute of the firing turret, any skills, any bonuses, or target resistances are applied.

Ammo Type	EM	Thermal	Kinetic	Explosive	Range Mod.	Tracking Mod.
EMP	9		2	1	-50%
Phased Plasma		10	2		-50%
Fusion			2	10	-50%
Titanium Sabot			6	2		+20%
Depleted Uranium		3	2	3		+20%
Proton	3		2		+60%	+5%
Nuclear			1	4	+60%	+5%
Carbonized Lead			4	1	+60%	+5%

Note that the range bonuses or penalties applied by these ammo types only apply to optimal range. If you're using autocannon, which have tiny optimal ranges anyway, your ammo's range modifier doesn't matter very much. It's more important if you're using artillery. This means that autocannon should always be fitted with the most damaging ammo possible, and if a ship has a falloff bonus, it's probably meant to use autocannon.

The two Tech 2 ammunition types for autocannon are Barrage and Hail. Barrage has a tracking penalty but a 50% falloff increase, and is popular with ships like the Vagabond which like to skirmish in falloff range. Hail has large penalties to optimal and falloff ranges, and to tracking, and it also slows the rate at which your capacitor recharges, but it deals very high damage. In practice the range and tracking speed drawbacks mean that Hail rarely offers more DPS, although it can be effective against big, stationary ships or POSs. Barrage does roughly equal amounts of explosive and kinetic damage, while Hail does a lot of explosive damage and a little kinetic on the side.

Ammo Type	EM	Thermal	Kinetic	Explosive	Range Mod.	Tracking Mod.
Barrage			5	6	0%	0.75
Hail			3.30	12.10	-50%	0.7

The two Tech 2 ammunition types for artillery are Quake and Tremor. Quake, much like Javelin for hybrids, lets artillery pretend to be autocannon, with high damage but much-reduced range and penalties to tracking, ship speed and capacitor recharge rates. Tremor has a dramatic 80% range bonus, but a very significant penalty to tracking. Both do a mixture of explosive and kinetic damage.

Ammo Type	EM	Thermal	Kinetic	Explosive	Range Mod.	Tracking Mod.
Quake			5	9	-75%	1.25
Tremor			3	5	80%	0.25

Energy turrets

Energy turrets -- lasers -- fire beams of light to damage the enemy.

While they don't need normal ammunition, lasers use up a lot of capacitor when they fire, more than hybrid turrets. Lasers are usually fitted on Amarr ships, which have large capacitors and often bonuses which reduce lasers' capacitor requirements, but training in capacitor skills and Controlled Bursts is still an absolute necessity for Amarr pilots.

Lasers can only do electromagnetic and thermal damage. These are usually the weakest natural resists of shields but the highest natural resists of armor.

The two kinds of laser are:

• Pulse lasers, which have short ranges and deal high DPS; and
• Beam lasers, which have long ranges and lower DPS.

Most Amarr ships use lasers as their primary weapon. The low slot Heat Sink module increases lasers' damage and rate of fire.

Laser crystals

Although they don't require ammunition, lasers must still be loaded with focusing crystals. Standard Tech 1 crystals are never used up and never break down, so lasers never have to be reloaded. Unlike projectile or hybrid ammunition, crystals can be swapped rapidly, letting pilots alter their guns' range very quickly.

There are eight kinds of standard Tech 1 crystal. They all do a mixture of electromagnetic and thermal damage (the proportion varies), apart from Radio crystals which only deal electromagnetic damage.

Each crystal has a different range modifier, does a different amount of damage and has a different modifier to lasers' capacitor use. The better the range, the lower base damage the ammo deals, creating a sliding scale from short-ranged, high-damage Multifrequency to long-ranged, low-damage Radio.

The damage in the tables is for small crystals. 2x for medium, 4x for large and 8x for XL crystals.

T1 (Imperial Navy) Crystals

Name	Range Mod.	Cap. Need Mod.	EM damage (IN)	Therm. damage (IN)
Multifrequency	-50%	0%	7 (8.05)	5 (5.75)
Gamma	-37.5%	-15%	7 (8.05)	4 (4.6)
X-Ray	-25%	-25%	6 (6.9)	4 (4.6)
Ultraviolet	-12.5%	-12.5%	6 (6.9)	3 (3.45)
Standard	0%	-45%	5 (5.75)	3 (3.45)
Infrared	20%	-35%	5 (5.75)	2 (2.3)
Microwave	40%	-25%	4 (4.6)	2 (2.3)
Radio	60%	-15%	5 (5.75)	0 (0)

IN stands for Imperial Navy as it is the most common faction crystal compared to the rare pirate faction crystals (that can do even more damage but are very very rare in a way that there is not a single dark blood MF L on sell orders in jita), however be aware XL IN crystals do not exist.

The advanced crystals for lasers gradually get damaged over time and will finally disintegrate. Tech 2 crystals have a chance to decay for each cycle, and last around 1000 shots, while faction crystals will last exactly 4000 shots.

T2 Pulse Laser Crystals

The Tech 2 crystals for pulse lasers are Conflagration and Scorch. Conflagration does more damage than Multifrequency at the cost of a 30% tracking speed penalty and a 25% greater capacitor usage. Scorch has a damage only slightly lower than IN Multifrequency, but has a huge 50% increased optimal range, however loses 25% tracking. Conflagration is little used but Scorch is very popular, simply because the benefits of Conflagration generally do not outweigh its drawbacks when compared with IN Multifrequency, yet Scorch applies good DPS at phenomenal ranges.

Name	Range Mod.	Tracking mod.	Cap. Need mod.	EM damage	Therm. damage
Scorch	50%	-25%	0%	9	2
Conflagration	-50%	-30%	25%	7.7	7.7

T2 Beam Laser Crystals

The Tech 2 crystals for beam lasers are Aurora and Gleam. Gleam deals good damage and receives a tracking bonus, but has a much shorter range. Aurora comes with a massive 80% range bonus but low damage and a heavy penalty to tracking speed.

Name	Range Mod.	Tracking mod.	EM damage	Therm damage
Aurora	+80%	-75%	5	3
Gleam	-75%	+25%	7	7

Related modules summary

Besides turrets themselves there are a number of related modules which you can fit to improve their performance. In this list the links for items are to the basic Tech 1 Meta 0 version -- as always, you can expect significantly better performance from Tech 2 or high-meta versions.

Remember that stacking penalties mean that it's usually not worth fitting more than three modules which have the same effect.

• Each turret has an associated low slot module which boosts its damage and rate of fire. These 'damage mods' have already been mentioned individually, and they are
  • Magnetic Field Stabilizers ("magstabs") for hybrids
  • Gyrostabilizers ("gyros") for projectile turrets
  • and Heat Sinks for lasers.
• Another important low slot item is the Tracking Enhancer ("TE"), which increases your tracking speed, optimal range and falloff.
• Unlike TEs, the Tracking Computer is a midslot item. It uses capacitor and has to be activated, but can offer a more substantial tracking speed bonus as well as small bonuses to optimal and falloff range. It can be loaded with either the Tracking Speed script, which doubles the tracking speed bonus but removes the range bonuses entirely, or the Optimal Range script, which removes the tracking speed bonus but doubles the range bonuses (it doubles the falloff bonus despite its name).
• There is also the remote Tracking Link, a module which you can use to boost another ship's tracking speed and range (it can be scripted like the Tracking Computer). Although a few ships (like the Scythe) get bonuses for these, they're rarely used.
• Sensor Boosters ("sebo") and Remote Sensor Boosters ("RSB") are active midslot modules which increase targeting range and scan resolution (speeding up locking time). Like Tracking Computers they can be scripted for more targeting range or faster locking.

Names reference

Category	Race	Type	Range	Small		Medium		Large		Extra Large
				Frigates, Destroyers		Cruisers, Battlecruisers		Battleships		Dreadnoughts, Titans
Projectile	Minmatar	Autocannon	Short	125mm Gatling		Dual 180mm		Dual 425mm		6x2500mm Repeating Cannon
				150mm Light		220mm Vulcan		Dual 650mm
				200mm		425mm		800mm
		Artillery	Long	250mm Light		650mm		1200mm		Quad 3500mm Siege
				280mm Howitzer		720mm Howitzer		1400mm Howitzer
Hybrid	Gallente/Caldari	Blaster	Short	Light	Electron	Heavy	Electron	Electron	Blaster Cannon	Ion Siege Blaster Cannon
					Ion		Ion	Ion
					Neutron		Neutron	Neutron
		Railgun	Long	75mm		Dual 150mm		Dual 250mm		Dual 1000mm
				125mm		200mm		350mm
				150mm		250mm		425mm
Energy	Amarr	Pulse	Short	Gatling		Focused		Dual Heavy		Dual Giga
				Dual Light		Heavy		Mega
				Small Focused
		Beam	Long	Dual Light		Quad Light		Dual Heavy		Dual Giga
				Small Focused		Focused Medium		Mega
						Heavy		Tachyon

Turret Comparison

Tech 1 Projectile Turret Comparison

Name	Size	Range	Rate of fire	Damage mod	Tracking sped	Signature res.
125mm Gatling AutoCannon I	Small	800+4,000 m	3 s	2.0625 x	0.417 rad/sec	40 m
150mm Light AutoCannon I	Small	900+4,400 m	3.38 s	2.475 x	0.362 rad/sec	40 m
200mm AutoCannon I	Small	1,000+4,800 m	3.75 s	2.8875 x	0.315 rad/sec	40 m
250mm Light Artillery Cannon I	Small	8,050+8,750 m	8.5 s	4.62 x	0.0825 rad/sec	40 m
280mm Howitzer Artillery I	Small	10,000+8,750 m	10.71 s	6.403 x	0.066 rad/sec	40 m
Dual 180mm AutoCannon I	Medium	1,600+8,000 m	4.5 s	2.0625 x	0.139656 rad/sec	125 m
220mm Vulcan AutoCannon I	Medium	1,800+8,800 m	4.73 s	2.31 x	0.12144 rad/sec	125 m
425mm AutoCannon I	Medium	2,000+9,600 m	5.63 s	2.8875 x	0.1056 rad/sec	125 m
650mm Artillery Cannon I	Medium	16,100+17,500 m	12.75 s	4.62 x	0.0275 rad/sec	125 m
720mm Howitzer Artillery I	Medium	20,000+17,500 m	20 s	7.97276025 x	0.022 rad/sec	125 m
Dual 425mm AutoCannon I	Large	3,200+16,000 m	6.75 s	2.0625 x	0.057132 rad/sec	400 m
Dual 650mm Repeating Artillery I	Large	3,600+17,600 m	7.5 s	2.444203042 x	0.04968 rad/sec	400 m
800mm Repeating Artillery I	Large	4,000+19,200 m	7.88 s	2.695 x	0.0432 rad/sec	400 m
1200mm Artillery Cannon I	Large	32,200+35,000 m	21.04 s	5.082 x	0.01125 rad/sec	400 m
1400mm Howitzer Artillery I	Large	40,000+35,000 m	40.16 s	10.672 x	0.009 rad/sec	400 m

Tech 1 hybrid turret comparison

Name	Size	Activation	Range	Rate of fire	Damage mod	Tracking speed	Signature res.
Light Electron Blaster I	Small	0.938 GJ	1,000+1,500 m	2 s	1.75x	0.365 rad/sec	40 m
Light Ion Blaster I	Small	1.561 GJ	1,250+2,000 m	3 s	2.8125 x	0.336 rad/sec	40 m
Light Neutron Blaster I	Small	2.023 GJ	1,500+2,500 m	4 s	3.5 x	0.3165 rad/sec	40 m
75mm Gatling Rail I	Small	1.67 GJ	6,000+3,000 m	3 s	1.5 x	0.13 rad/sec	40 m
125mm Railgun I	Small	2.15 GJ	9,000+5,000 m	3 s	2 x	0.085 rad/sec	40 m
150mm Railgun I	Small	3.34 GJ	12,000+6,000 m	4 s	2.75 x	0.07 rad/sec	40 m
Heavy Electron Blaster I	Medium	2.8 GJ	2,000+3,000 m	3 s	1.75 x	0.12 rad/sec	125 m
Heavy Ion Blaster I	Medium	4.669 GJ	2,500+4,000 m	5 s	2.8125 x	0.11 rad/sec	125 m
Heavy Neutron Blaster I	Medium	6.069 GJ	3,000+5,000 m	5 s	3.5 x	0.1 rad/sec	125 m
Dual 150mm Railgun I	Medium	5 GJ	12,000+6,000 m	4 s	1.5 x	0.042 rad/sec	125 m
200mm Railgun I	Medium	6.45 GJ	18,000+10,000 m	5 s	2 x	0.028 rad/sec	125 m
250mm Railgun I	Medium	10 GJ	24,000+12,000 m	6 s	2.75 x	0.023 rad/sec	125 m
Electron Blaster Cannon I	Large	8.4 GJ	4,000+6,000 m	5 s	1.75 x	0.05 rad/sec	400 m
Ion Blaster Cannon I	Large	14 GJ	5,000+8,000 m	7 s	2.8125 x	0.046 rad/sec	400 m
Neutron Blaster Cannon I	Large	18.2 GJ	6,000+10,000 m	8 s	3.5 x	0.0433 rad/sec	400 m
Dual 250mm Railgun I	Large	15 GJ	24,000+12,000 m	6 s	1.5 x	0.0175 rad/sec	400 m
350mm Railgun I	Large	22 GJ	36,000+20,000 m	7 s	2 x	0.01167 rad/sec	400 m
425mm Railgun I	Large	30 GJ	48,000+24,000 m	10 s	2.75 x	0.009625 rad/sec	400 m

Tech I energy turret comparison

Name	Size	Activation	Range	Rate of fire	Damage mod	Tracking speed	Signature res.
Gatling Pulse Laser	Small	1.82 GJ	4,000+500 m	2.10 s	1.5x	0.308125 rad/sec	40 m
Dual Light Pulse Laser	Small	2.67 GJ	4,500+1,500 m	2.70 s	2x	0.27375 rad/sec	40 m
Small Focused Pulse Laser	Small	4.44 GJ	5,000+2,000 m	3.50 s	3x	0.24625 rad/sec	40 m
Dual Light Beam Laser	Small	3.89 GJ	8,750+3,000 m	3.20 s	2x	0.13 rad/sec	40 m
Medium Beam Laser	Small	7.22 GJ	10,000+4,000 m	4.00 s	3x	0.1 rad/sec	40 m
Focused Medium Pulse Laser	Medium	8 GJ	9,000+3,000 m	4.05 s	2x	0.09 rad/sec	125 m
Heavy Pulse Laser	Medium	13.33 GJ	10,000+4,000 m	5.25 s	3x	0.08125 rad/sec	125 m
Quad Light Beam Laser	Medium	5.45 GJ	8,000+1,000 m	3.15 s	1.5x	0.081 rad/sec	125 m
Focused Medium Beam Laser	Medium	11.67 GJ	17,000+6,000 m	4.80 s	2x	0.042 rad/sec	125 m
Heavy Beam Laser	Medium	21.67 GJ	20,000+8,000 m	6.00 s	3x	0.033 rad/sec	125 m
Dual Heavy Pulse Laser	Large	25 GJ	18,000+6,000 m	6.08 s	2x	0.0375 rad/sec	400 m
Mega Pulse Laser	Large	40 GJ	20,000+8,000 m	7.88 s	3x	0.03375 rad/sec	400 m
Dual Heavy Beam Laser	Large	35 GJ	35,000+12,000 m	7.20 s	2x	0.0175 rad/sec	400 m
Mega Beam Laser	Large	65 GJ	40,000+16,000 m	9.00 s	3x	0.0153125 rad/sec	400 m
Tachyon Beam Laser	Large	95 GJ	44,000+20,000 m	12.50 s	4.5x	0.0139205 rad/sec	400 m
Dual Giga Pulse Laser	Extra large	320 GJ	32,000+5,000 m	11.81 s	8x	0.0040512 rad/sec	1000 m
Dual Giga Beam Laser	Extra large	520 GJ	72,000+22,000 m	13.50 s	5.5x	0.002296875 rad/sec	1000 m

See also

• Turret Damage for the mathematics of gunnery. You can also try the information on CCP's own wiki.
• This wiki's Gunnery Guide for less mathematical discussion of gunnery.
• Missile Launchers and Drones for Eve's other main weapon systems.
• NPC Damage Types for more information about the different kinds of damage (this is still relevant to PvP even though it's directed at NPC damage dealing).