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{{UMoS guideline}} | {{UMoS guideline}} | ||
The '''UniWiki Manual of Style''' (abbreviated as '''UMoS''' or simply '''MoS''') is the [[Wikipedia:Style guide|style manual]] for all UniWiki articles. This primary page of the guideline covers certain topics (e.g., punctuation) in detail and | The '''UniWiki Manual of Style''' (abbreviated as '''UMoS''' or simply '''MoS''') is the [[Wikipedia:Style guide|style manual]] for all UniWiki articles. This primary page of the guideline covers certain topics (e.g., punctuation) in detail and summarizes the key points of other topics. See [[#Specific guidelines|Specific guidelines]] for additional information about specific topics. | ||
The UniWiki Manual of Style presents the UniWiki's house style. The goal is to make using the UniWiki easier and more intuitive by promoting clarity and cohesion, while helping editors write articles with consistent and precise language, layout, and formatting. [[Wikipedia:Plain English|Plain English]] works best. Avoid ambiguity and vague or unnecessarily complex wording. Any new content added to the body of this page should directly address a style issue that has occurred in a significant number of instances. | |||
Style and formatting should be consistent throughout the UniWiki. Where more than one style is acceptable, editors should not change an article from one of those styles to another without a good reason. If discussion cannot determine which style to use in an article, defer to the style used by the first major contributor. If a style or similar debate becomes intractable, refer the issue to the [[Wiki Department|Wiki Manager]]. | |||
Much of this manual has been adapted from Wikipedia's [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]]. While care has been taken to adapt as many relevant sections as possible, any topics not covered here can most likely be found there, and interested editors are encouraged to refer to both the UMoS and Wikipedia's MoS for the most comprehensive instruction. | |||
Further, this page and any UniWiki pages linked here serve only as a style manual. For all other guidelines, see [[UniWiki:Welcome#UniWiki guidelines|UniWiki guidelines]]. | |||
==Specific guidelines== | |||
{{List subpages|caption = The detail pages linked below, provide guidance on specific topics. If any contradiction arises, [[UniWiki:Manual of Style|Manual of Style]] has precedence over all detail pages of the guideline.}} | |||
__TOC__ | |||
== Article titles, headings, and sections == | == Article titles, headings, and sections == | ||
=== Article titles === | === Article titles === | ||
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* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Categorization|Categories]]. | * [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Categorization|Categories]]. | ||
Other article elements include [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Hatnote|disambiguation hatnotes]] (normally placed at the very top of the article) and [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/ | Other article elements include [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Hatnote|disambiguation hatnotes]] (normally placed at the very top of the article) and [[UniWiki:Manual of Style/Infoboxes|infoboxes]] (usually placed before the lead section). | ||
=== Section headings === | === Section headings === | ||
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* The words '''<nowiki />''sun'', ''earth'', and ''moon''<nowiki />''' do not take capitals in general use ({{dothis|The sun was peeking over the mountain top}}; {{dothis|The tribal people of Matar thought of the whole earth as their home}}). They are capitalized when the entity is personified ({{xt|Sol Invictus ("Unconquered Sun") was the Roman sun god}}) or when used as the name of a specific body in a scientific or astronomical context ({{dothis|The Moon orbits the Earth}}; but {{xt|Kileakum is a moon of Eclipticum}}). | * The words '''<nowiki />''sun'', ''earth'', and ''moon''<nowiki />''' do not take capitals in general use ({{dothis|The sun was peeking over the mountain top}}; {{dothis|The tribal people of Matar thought of the whole earth as their home}}). They are capitalized when the entity is personified ({{xt|Sol Invictus ("Unconquered Sun") was the Roman sun god}}) or when used as the name of a specific body in a scientific or astronomical context ({{dothis|The Moon orbits the Earth}}; but {{xt|Kileakum is a moon of Eclipticum}}). | ||
* '''Names of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, stars, constellations, and galaxies''' are proper names, and therefore capitalized ({{dothis|The planet Zorast sometimes eclipses the star Amarr, as seen from the surface of Oris | * '''Names of planets, moons, asteroids, comets, stars, constellations, and galaxies''' are proper names, and therefore capitalized ({{dothis|The planet Zorast sometimes eclipses the star Amarr, as seen from the surface of Oris}}; {{dothis|The Andromeda Galaxy is a spiral galaxy}}). The first letter of every word in such a name is capitalized ({{dothis|Old Man Star}} and not {{notthis|Old man star}}; {{dothis|New Eden}}, not {{notthis|New eden}}). | ||
* Words such as '''<nowiki />''comet'' and ''galaxy''<nowiki />''' should be capitalized where they form part of an object's proper name ({{dothis|New Eden Cluster}}). | * Words such as '''<nowiki />''comet'' and ''galaxy''<nowiki />''' should be capitalized where they form part of an object's proper name ({{dothis|New Eden Cluster}}). | ||
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{{main|UniWiki:Manual of Style/Abbreviations}} | {{main|UniWiki:Manual of Style/Abbreviations}} | ||
Abbreviations are shortened forms of words or phrases. In strict analysis, they are distinct from [[Wikipedia:Contraction (grammar)|contractions]], which use an [[Wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]] (e.g., ''won't'', see [[#Contractions|§ Contractions]]) and [[Wikipedia:Initialism|initialisms]] (including acronyms). An initialism is usually formed from some or all of the initial letters of words in a phrase. In some variations of English, an acronym is considered to be an initialism which is pronounced as a word (e.g., [[NATO]]), as distinct from the case where the initialism is said as a string of individual letters (e.g., ''US'', for [[Wikipedia:United States of America|United States]]). Herein, general statements regarding abbreviations are inclusive of acronyms, and the term ''acronym'' applies collectively to initialisms, without distinction that an acronym is said as a word. | Abbreviations are shortened forms of words or phrases. In strict analysis, they are distinct from [[Wikipedia:Contraction (grammar)|contractions]], which use an [[Wikipedia:Apostrophe|apostrophe]] (e.g., ''won't'', see [[#Contractions|§ Contractions]]) and [[Wikipedia:Initialism|initialisms]] (including acronyms). An initialism is usually formed from some or all of the initial letters of words in a phrase. In some variations of English, an acronym is considered to be an initialism which is pronounced as a word (e.g., [[Wikipedia:NATO|NATO]]), as distinct from the case where the initialism is said as a string of individual letters (e.g., ''US'', for [[Wikipedia:United States of America|United States]]). Herein, general statements regarding abbreviations are inclusive of acronyms, and the term ''acronym'' applies collectively to initialisms, without distinction that an acronym is said as a word. | ||
=== Write out both the full version and the abbreviation at first occurrence === | === Write out both the full version and the abbreviation at first occurrence === | ||
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|- | |- | ||
| ''Correct (not a proper name)'': || {{dothis|He used a | | ''Correct (not a proper name)'': || {{dothis|He used a microwarpdrive (MWD)}} | ||
|- | |- | ||
| ''Incorrect'': || {{notthis|He used a MicroWarpDrive (MWD)}} | | ''Incorrect'': || {{notthis|He used a MicroWarpDrive (MWD)}} | ||
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=== Ampersand === | === Ampersand === | ||
In normal text and headings, the word ''and'' should be used instead of the [[Wikipedia:Ampersand|ampersand]] (&); for example {{dothis|January 1 and 2}}, not {{notthis|January 1 & 2}}. Retain an ampersand when it is a legitimate part of a proper noun, such as in ''[[Up & Down (album)|Up & Down]]'' or [[AT&T]]. Ampersands may be used with consistency and discretion in places where space is extremely limited (i.e. tables and infoboxes). | In normal text and headings, the word ''and'' should be used instead of the [[Wikipedia:Ampersand|ampersand]] (&); for example {{dothis|January 1 and 2}}, not {{notthis|January 1 & 2}}. Retain an ampersand when it is a legitimate part of a proper noun, such as in ''[[Wikipedia:Up & Down (album)|Up & Down]]'' or [[Wikipedia:AT&T|AT&T]]. Ampersands may be used with consistency and discretion in places where space is extremely limited (i.e. tables and infoboxes). | ||
== Italics == | == Italics == | ||
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=== Number sign === | === Number sign === | ||
Avoid using the {{!xt|[[octothorpe|#]]}} symbol (known as the [[Wikipedia:Number sign|number sign]], hash sign, or pound sign) when referring to numbers or rankings. Instead write "number", "No." or "Nos."; do not use the symbol {{!xt|№}}. For example: | Avoid using the {{!xt|[[Wikipedia:octothorpe|#]]}} symbol (known as the [[Wikipedia:Number sign|number sign]], hash sign, or pound sign) when referring to numbers or rankings. Instead write "number", "No." or "Nos."; do not use the symbol {{!xt|№}}. For example: | ||
:{| style="background:transparent" | :{| style="background:transparent" | ||
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* In a direct quotation, always keep the source units. If a conversion is required, it should appear within square brackets in the quote, or else an obscure use of units can be explained in a [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|footnote]]. | * In a direct quotation, always keep the source units. If a conversion is required, it should appear within square brackets in the quote, or else an obscure use of units can be explained in a [[Wikipedia:Footnotes|footnote]]. | ||
* Where space is limited (such as tables, infoboxes, parenthetical notes, and mathematical formulas) use unit symbols. In main text it is usually better to spell out unit names, but symbols may also be used when a unit (especially one with a long name) is used repeatedly. However, spell out the first instance of each unit in an article (for example, {{xt|the typical batch is 250 kilograms ... and then 15 kg of emulsifier is added}}), except for unit names that are hardly ever spelled out (e.g., the degree Celsius). Most unit names are not capitalized. Use "per" when writing out a unit, rather than a slash: {{xt|meter per second}}, not {{!xt|meter/second}}. (For spelling differences, follow {{section link||National varieties of English}}, above.) | * Where space is limited (such as tables, infoboxes, parenthetical notes, and mathematical formulas) use unit symbols. In main text it is usually better to spell out unit names, but symbols may also be used when a unit (especially one with a long name) is used repeatedly. However, spell out the first instance of each unit in an article (for example, {{xt|the typical batch is 250 kilograms ... and then 15 kg of emulsifier is added}}), except for unit names that are hardly ever spelled out (e.g., the degree Celsius). Most unit names are not capitalized. Use "per" when writing out a unit, rather than a slash: {{xt|meter per second}}, not {{!xt|meter/second}}. (For spelling differences, follow {{section link||National varieties of English}}, above.) | ||
* For ranges, see {{section link||En dashes: other uses}}, above, and UniWiki:Manual of Style/ | * For ranges, see {{section link||En dashes: other uses}}, above, and UniWiki:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers, at {{section link|nopage=y|Wikipedia:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|Date ranges|Percentages|Unit names and symbols|Formatting of monetary values}}. | ||
* When dimensions are given, each number should be followed by a unit name or symbol (e.g., write {{xt|1 m × 3 m × 6 m}}, not {{!xt|1 × 3 × 6 m}}). | * When dimensions are given, each number should be followed by a unit name or symbol (e.g., write {{xt|1 m × 3 m × 6 m}}, not {{!xt|1 × 3 × 6 m}}). | ||
* When they form a compound adjective, values and spelled-out unit names should be separated by a hyphen: for example, {{xt|a five-day holiday}}. An exception is when the hyphenated construction has another meaning in the context. | * When they form a compound adjective, values and spelled-out unit names should be separated by a hyphen: for example, {{xt|a five-day holiday}}. An exception is when the hyphenated construction has another meaning in the context. | ||
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* No ''s'' is appended, e.g., {{xt|km}}, not {{!xt|kms}}. | * No ''s'' is appended, e.g., {{xt|km}}, not {{!xt|kms}}. | ||
* Write powers of unit symbols with HTML, e.g., {{xt|<nowiki>5 km<sup>2</sup></nowiki>}} not [[Wikipedia:Unicode subscripts and superscripts|Unicode superscripts and subscripts]]. | * Write powers of unit symbols with HTML, e.g., {{xt|<nowiki>5 km<sup>2</sup></nowiki>}} not [[Wikipedia:Unicode subscripts and superscripts|Unicode superscripts and subscripts]]. | ||
* For quantities of bytes and bits, specify whether the binary or decimal meanings of K, M, G, etc. are intended. The [[Wikipedia:Binary prefixes#IEC standard prefixes|IEC prefixes]] ''kibi-'', ''mebi-'', ''gibi-'', etc. (symbols Ki, Mi, Gi, etc.) are not familiar to most readers and should not generally be used (for exceptions, see {{section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style/ | * For quantities of bytes and bits, specify whether the binary or decimal meanings of K, M, G, etc. are intended. The [[Wikipedia:Binary prefixes#IEC standard prefixes|IEC prefixes]] ''kibi-'', ''mebi-'', ''gibi-'', etc. (symbols Ki, Mi, Gi, etc.) are not familiar to most readers and should not generally be used (for exceptions, see {{section link|UniWiki:Manual of Style/Dates and numbers|Quantities of bytes and bits}}). | ||
** When discussing computer equipment and other real life hardware concepts, units should be specified as stated above. | ** When discussing computer equipment and other real life hardware concepts, units should be specified as stated above. | ||
** When discussing in-game concepts (particularly drones), megabits (Mbits) should be used. | ** When discussing in-game concepts (particularly drones), megabits (Mbits) should be used. | ||
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* For a negative sign or subtraction operator, use a minus sign ({{xt|−}}, Unicode character U+2212 <small>MINUS SIGN</small>). Input by clicking on it in the insert box beneath the edit window or by typing <code>&minus;</code>. | * For a negative sign or subtraction operator, use a minus sign ({{xt|−}}, Unicode character U+2212 <small>MINUS SIGN</small>). Input by clicking on it in the insert box beneath the edit window or by typing <code>&minus;</code>. | ||
* For a multiplication sign between numbers, use {{xt|×}} (Unicode character U+00D7 <small>MULTIPLICATION SIGN</small>), which is input by clicking on it in the edit toolbox under the edit window or by typing <code>&times;</code>. The letter {{xt|x}} should not be used to indicate multiplication, but it is used (unspaced) as the substitute for "by" in terms such as {{xt|[[4x4]]}}. | * For a multiplication sign between numbers, use {{xt|×}} (Unicode character U+00D7 <small>MULTIPLICATION SIGN</small>), which is input by clicking on it in the edit toolbox under the edit window or by typing <code>&times;</code>. The letter {{xt|x}} should not be used to indicate multiplication, but it is used (unspaced) as the substitute for "by" in terms such as {{xt|[[Wikipedia:4x4|4x4]]}}. | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Exponentiation|Exponentiation]] is indicated by a superscript, {{xt|''a''<sup>''n''</sup>}} (typed as <code><nowiki>''a''<sup>''n''</sup></nowiki></code>. [[Wikipedia:Exponential notation|Exponential notation]] can be spaced or unspaced, depending on circumstances. | * [[Wikipedia:Exponentiation|Exponentiation]] is indicated by a superscript, {{xt|''a''<sup>''n''</sup>}} (typed as <code><nowiki>''a''<sup>''n''</sup></nowiki></code>. [[Wikipedia:Exponential notation|Exponential notation]] can be spaced or unspaced, depending on circumstances. | ||
* Do not use programming language notation outside computer program listings. In most programming languages, subtraction, multiplication, and exponentiation are respectively represented by the [[Wikipedia:Hyphen-minus|hyphen-minus]] <code>-</code>, the [[Wikipedia:Asterisk|asterisk]] <code>*</code>, and either the [[Wikipedia:Caret|caret]] <code>^</code> or the double asterisk <code>**</code>, and [[Wikipedia:Scientific notation|scientific notation]] is replaced by [[Wikipedia:E notation|E notation]]. | * Do not use programming language notation outside computer program listings. In most programming languages, subtraction, multiplication, and exponentiation are respectively represented by the [[Wikipedia:Hyphen-minus|hyphen-minus]] <code>-</code>, the [[Wikipedia:Asterisk|asterisk]] <code>*</code>, and either the [[Wikipedia:Caret|caret]] <code>^</code> or the double asterisk <code>**</code>, and [[Wikipedia:Scientific notation|scientific notation]] is replaced by [[Wikipedia:E notation|E notation]]. | ||
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==== Official names ==== | ==== Official names ==== | ||
* Official names (of companies, organizations, or places) should not be altered. ({{xt|[[St. Thomas' Hospital]]}} should therefore ''not'' be rendered as {{!xt|St. Thomas's Hospital}}, even for consistency.) | * Official names (of companies, organizations, or places) should not be altered. ({{xt|[[Wikipedia:St. Thomas' Hospital|St. Thomas' Hospital]]}} should therefore ''not'' be rendered as {{!xt|St. Thomas's Hospital}}, even for consistency.) | ||
=== Pronouns === | === Pronouns === | ||
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* Use captions to clarify the relevance of the image to the article (see {{section link||Captions}}, below). | * Use captions to clarify the relevance of the image to the article (see {{section link||Captions}}, below). | ||
* Each image should be inside the major section to which it relates (within the section defined by the most recent level 1 level 2 heading or at the top of the lead section), not immediately above the section heading. | * Each image should be inside the major section to which it relates (within the section defined by the most recent level 1 level 2 heading or at the top of the lead section), not immediately above the section heading. | ||
* Avoid sandwiching text between two images that face each other | * Avoid sandwiching text between two images that face each other and between an image and an infobox or similar. | ||
* It is often preferable to place images of faces so that the face or eyes look toward the text. However, it is not necessary to reverse an image simply to have the subject facing the text. | * It is often preferable to place images of faces so that the face or eyes look toward the text. However, it is not necessary to reverse an image simply to have the subject facing the text. | ||
* Multiple images in the same article can be staggered right-and-left (for example, [[Wikipedia:Timpani|Timpani]]). | * Multiple images in the same article can be staggered right-and-left (for example, [[Wikipedia:Timpani|Timpani]]). | ||
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* Avoid referring to images as being on the left or right. Image placement is different for viewers of the mobile version of Wikipedia, and is meaningless to people having pages read to them by assistive software. Instead, use captions to identify images. | * Avoid referring to images as being on the left or right. Image placement is different for viewers of the mobile version of Wikipedia, and is meaningless to people having pages read to them by assistive software. Instead, use captions to identify images. | ||
* [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alt text]] takes the place of an image for text-only readers, including those using [[Wikipedia:Screen Reader|screen readers]]. Images should have an alt attribute added to the 'alt' parameter. See [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Alternative text of images|Wikipedia:Alternative text of images]] for more information. | * [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Alternative text for images|Alt text]] takes the place of an image for text-only readers, including those using [[Wikipedia:Screen Reader|screen readers]]. Images should have an alt attribute added to the 'alt' parameter. See [[Wikipedia:Wikipedia:Alternative text of images|Wikipedia:Alternative text of images]] for more information. | ||
* To maintain visual harmony with the UniWiki's dark black background, consider using dark-themed images when possible. This helps integrate images seamlessly into the overall design, avoiding a stark contrast with the dark backdrop. | |||
=== Other media files === | === Other media files === | ||
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External links should not normally be used in the body of an article. Instead, articles can include an ''External links'' section at the end, pointing to further information outside the UniWiki as distinct from citing sources. The standard format is a primary heading, <code>==External links==</code>, followed by a bulleted list of links. Identify the link and briefly indicate its relevance to the article. For example: | External links should not normally be used in the body of an article. Instead, articles can include an ''External links'' section at the end, pointing to further information outside the UniWiki as distinct from citing sources. The standard format is a primary heading, <code>==External links==</code>, followed by a bulleted list of links. Identify the link and briefly indicate its relevance to the article. For example: | ||
: <code><nowiki>* [https:// | : <code><nowiki>* [https://universe.eveonline.com/chronicles EVE Chronicles]</nowiki></code> | ||
: <code><nowiki>* [https://www.eveonline.com/ EVE Online homepage]</nowiki></code> | : <code><nowiki>* [https://www.eveonline.com/ EVE Online homepage]</nowiki></code> | ||
These will appear as: | These will appear as: | ||
:* [https:// | :* [https://universe.eveonline.com/chronicles EVE Chronicles] | ||
:* [https://www.eveonline.com/ EVE Online homepage] | :* [https://www.eveonline.com/ EVE Online homepage] | ||
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Information should be accessible to all. Do not use color ''alone'' to mark differences in text: they may be invisible to people with [[Wikipedia:Color blindness|color blindness]]. Also, black-and-white printouts, older computer displays with fewer colors, and monochrome displays (older [[Wikipedia:Personal digital assistant|PDAs]] and cell phones) cannot show such distinctions. | Information should be accessible to all. Do not use color ''alone'' to mark differences in text: they may be invisible to people with [[Wikipedia:Color blindness|color blindness]]. Also, black-and-white printouts, older computer displays with fewer colors, and monochrome displays (older [[Wikipedia:Personal digital assistant|PDAs]] and cell phones) cannot show such distinctions. | ||
Choose colors that can be distinguished by the readers with the commonest form of colorblindness ([[Wikipedia:Color blindness#Red-green color blindness|red–green]]), such as [[maroon (color)|<span style="background: white; color: maroon">maroon</span>]] and [[teal|<span style="background: white; color: teal">teal</span>]]; and ''additionally'' mark the differences with change of font or some other means ([[maroon (color)|<span style="background: white; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: maroon; font face: Times New Roman">maroon and alternative font face</span>]], [[teal|<span style="background: white; color: teal">teal</span>]]). Avoid low contrast between text and background colors. Viewing the page with [http://colorfilter.wickline.org/ Wickline] can help with the choice of colors. See also [[Wikipedia:Color coding|color coding]]. | Choose colors that can be distinguished by the readers with the commonest form of colorblindness ([[Wikipedia:Color blindness#Red-green color blindness|red–green]]), such as [[Wikipedia:maroon (color)|<span style="background: white; color: maroon">maroon</span>]] and [[Wikipedia:teal|<span style="background: white; color: teal">teal</span>]]; and ''additionally'' mark the differences with change of font or some other means ([[Wikipedia:maroon (color)|<span style="background: white; font-family: Georgia, serif; color: maroon; font face: Times New Roman">maroon and alternative font face</span>]], [[Wikipedia:teal|<span style="background: white; color: teal">teal</span>]]). Avoid low contrast between text and background colors. Viewing the page with [http://colorfilter.wickline.org/ Wickline] can help with the choice of colors. See also [[Wikipedia:Color coding|color coding]]. | ||
In addition to vision accessibility problems, usage of only color to encode attributes in tables (for example, Gold, Silver, or Bronze achievement levels) instead of a separate sortable column, disables the use of the powerful Wikitable sortability feature on that attribute for all readers. Even for readers with unimpaired color vision, excessive background shading of table entries impedes readability and recognition of Wikilinks. Background color should be used only as a ''supplementary'' visual cue, and should be subtle (consider using lighter, less-dominant [[Wikipedia:Pastel (color)|pastel]] hues) rather than a glaring spotlight. | In addition to vision accessibility problems, usage of only color to encode attributes in tables (for example, Gold, Silver, or Bronze achievement levels) instead of a separate sortable column, disables the use of the powerful Wikitable sortability feature on that attribute for all readers. Even for readers with unimpaired color vision, excessive background shading of table entries impedes readability and recognition of Wikilinks. Background color should be used only as a ''supplementary'' visual cue, and should be subtle (consider using lighter, less-dominant [[Wikipedia:Pastel (color)|pastel]] hues) rather than a glaring spotlight. | ||
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== Notes == | == Notes == | ||
{{Reflist}} | {{Reflist}} | ||
{{UniWikiNav}} | |||
[[Category:Editing]] | |||
[[Category:UniWiki Manual of Style]] | |||